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EPSY 321 > HORT 201 - CUMULATIVE > Flashcards

HORT 201 - CUMULATIVE Flashcards

1
Q

_____ is the area of horticulture that concerns the production of flowering and foliage plants?

A

floriculture

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2
Q

Which of the following is a tissue found in the ground tissue system?

A

Cortex

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3
Q

Which cell type has tough, hard, lignified secondary cell walls?

A

Sclerenchyma

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4
Q

The cell wall primarily is composed of a matrix of fibers of polysaccharides called _____.

A

Cellulose

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5
Q

Where is oil stored in cells?

A

Elaioplast

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6
Q

Proteins are synthesized on the surface of which of the following organelles?

A

Ribosome

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7
Q

The membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of the cell is called the _____.

A

Plasmalemma

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8
Q

Which of the following would you find a plant cell, but not in an animal cell?

A

Plastid

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9
Q

The “metabolic workers” that catalyze all biochemical reactions and synthesis of compounds in living cells are called _____.

A

Enzymes

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10
Q

When the A (adenine. of DNA binds to RNA in the process of DNA replication, which of the following is the proper paring?

A

A-U

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11
Q

During the process of protein synthesis, the amino acid is delivered to the ribosome by _____.

A

tRNA

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12
Q

The genetic code is the sequence of _____ in DNA.

A

Nucleic acids

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13
Q

Which meristem gives rise to the secondary xylem (e.g. wood. of stems of woody trees?

A

Vascular cambium

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14
Q

Which plant type is characterized by long, linear leaves with parallel venation, and can never be woody?

A

Monocot

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15
Q

The part of the stem that occurs between the nodes is called _____.

A

Internode

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16
Q

Vascular bundles contain ____ and ____.

A

Xylem and phloem

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17
Q

In a woody dicot stem in secondary growth, where would you find the periderm?

A

As the outer protective layer of the stem

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18
Q

In a root in primary growth, what ring of cells is surrounded by a Casparian strip and regulates absorption by the root?

A

Endodermis

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19
Q

A leaf blade is connected to the stem by a stalk called the ____.

A

Petiole

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20
Q

The ____ is the part of the stem where the leaves are attached.

A

Node

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21
Q

A sycamore leaf has several major veins that diverge (branch out. in a finger-like fashion) from the union of the petiole and leaf blade. This is called _____ venation.

A

Palmate

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22
Q

A _____ compound leaf has leaflets that arise in a feather-like manner along both sides of a rachis

A

Pinnately

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23
Q

_____ are pores in the leaf for absorption of carbon dioxide and gas exchange

A

Stoma

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24
Q

The _____ is the swollen base of the pistil of the flower, and contains the ovule and egg

A

Ovary

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25
Q

Holly berries come from flowers that contain a pistil, petals, and sepals, therefore the flower is ____.

A

imperfect and incomplete

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26
Q

A _____ is an individual flattened, sack-like membrane inside chloroplasts that comprise the grana

A

Thylakoid

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27
Q

Plastids that contain chlorophyll are called _____.

A

Chloroplast

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28
Q

When a water molecule splits in the process of photosynthesis which of the following is produced?

A

all are produced. electron, hydrogen, and oxygen.

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29
Q

Which reaction of photosynthesis contains the electron transport chain?

A

light reaction

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30
Q

Which reaction of photosynthesis produces oxygen as a by-product?

A

light reaction

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31
Q

Where does the light reaction of photosynthesis occur?

A

Grana of chloroplast

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32
Q

During photosynthesis, what is the name of the compound that absorbs light?

A

Chlorophyll

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33
Q

When does the light reaction of photosynthesis occur?

A

Only during the light

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34
Q

Which reaction of photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide?

A

Dark reaction

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35
Q

What is the primary source of metabolic energy for the dark reaction?

A

ATP

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36
Q

Which region of a dicot lead is specialized for photosynthesis

A

Palisade parenchyma

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37
Q

Which plants close their stomata during the day?

A

CAM plants only

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38
Q

Where do CAM plants get their name?

A

CAM stands for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

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39
Q

C4 plants are grasses and grain crops. And grains are major crops that “feed the world.” Why are grain crops so productive and thus “feed the world”?

A

They have an advantage during photosynthesis because they release extra CO2 into the bundle sheath to enhance photosynthesis

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40
Q

Which lights are the worst to use indoors?

A

Incandescent

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41
Q

Why are plants green?

A

Plants reflect or transmit green light, and therefore appear green

42
Q

Which equation is this? 6CO2 + 6H20 = ^C6H12O6 + 6O2

A

This is the net equation for photosynthesis

43
Q

Which reaction of respiration occurs in the matrix or stroma of the mitochondria?

A

Krebs cycle

44
Q

When does anaerobic fermentation occur?

A

Only when oxygen is absent

45
Q

Which reaction of respiration uses glucose?

A

Glycolysis

46
Q

When a fruit ripens, its rate of respiration ______.

A

Increases

47
Q

If you increase the level of carbon dioxide around a fruit, its rate of respiration ____.

A

Decreases

48
Q

One of the reasons hypobaric storage is very effective is because it removes_____, which is the hormone that triggers ripening of fruit.

A

Ethylene

49
Q

It is a good idea to store fresh fruits and vegetables under zero oxygen

A

False

50
Q

_____ is a type of storage where produce, such as salads, are stored in a special plastic bag containing the proper mixture of low oxygen and high carbon dioxide to decrease respiration

A

Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP)

51
Q

Charles Darwin proposed that plants contain hormones when he observed _____ in plants

A

Phototropism

52
Q

In practice, the naturally occurring forms of hormones usually are more effective than the synthetic forms of horticulture

A

True

53
Q

The site of production of auxin is _____.

A

Shoot tips (emerging young leaves)

54
Q

Which of the following is a synthetic cytokinin?

A

benzyl adenine (BA)

55
Q

_____ will stimulate the formation of adventitious shoots in tissue culture

A

Cytokinin

56
Q

The herbicide 2, 4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) is a(an)

A

Auxin

57
Q

Which hormone stimulates cytokinesis?

A

Cytokinin

58
Q

Which hormone is responsible for apical dominance in plants?

A

Auxin

59
Q

Which hormone is a gas?

A

Ethylene

60
Q

Biennials, such as bluebonnets, can be induced to flower with _____.

A

Gibberellic Acid (GA)

61
Q

Which hormone or hormones can cause leaf abscission?

A

both ethylene and abscisic acid

62
Q

Cucumber plants are monoecious, and if you spray a flowering cucumber plant with gibberellic acid, it will make more _____.

A

Male flowers

63
Q

Which hormone causes stoma to close, especially during a drought?

A

Abscisic Acid

64
Q

Bromeliads, such as pineapple, can be induced to flower with _____.

A

Ethylene

65
Q

Ethephon is a synthetic form of _____.

A

Ethylene

66
Q

_____ is a qualitative measure of the amount of heat energy present

A

Temperature

67
Q

A _____ is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1 Farenheit

A

British Thermal Unit (BTU)

68
Q

The heat of fusion of water is _____

A

80 cal/g

69
Q

The greenhouse effect is responsible for warming the earth, which is due to the atmosphere trapping ____ radiation

A

long wavelength infrared

69
Q

In a fan-and-pad cooling systems used in greenhouses, fans pull air across wet pads to evaporate water and cool the greenhouse. This relies on the high _____ of water.

A

Heat of vaporization

70
Q

What will be the temperature of a mixture of well stirred ice and liquid water?

A

32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 Celsius)

71
Q

Which form of radiation is most easily absorbed and converted into heat energy?

A

Infrared

72
Q

Which climatic zone is between the Artic Circle and the North Pole, and the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole?

A

Arctic Climatic Zone

73
Q

The Tropic of Cancer is the _____ latitude

A

23.5 degree North

74
Q

On average, the minimum average temperature is _____

A

just before sunrise

75
Q

The optimum temperature for growth of cool-season crops is _____.

A

65-75 F (18-24 C)

76
Q

Which is the maximum cardinal temperature for growth of most plants?

A

90-96 F (32-36 C)

77
Q

One of the major ways that high temperatures damage plants in desiccation

A

True

78
Q

Which is the best way to decrease advective freeze damage?

A

Plant selection of cold hardy plants adapted to your zone

79
Q

During a radiational freeze, a temperature inversion occurs, which is a ___ air mass above a ___ air mass

A

warm / cold

80
Q

If the low temperature is predicted to be 26 F and the dew point is 35 F, which type of frost would you predict in the morning?

A

White frost

81
Q

Tall fans in a fruit orchard can mix the air and prevent a radiational freeze

A

True

82
Q

What triggers or causes quiescence?

A

unfavorable enviornment

83
Q

What is the first signal that plants perceive to tell them winter is approaching?

A

decreasing day lengths of late summer / early fall

84
Q

‘Macintoch’ apples have a 1400 hour chilling requirement. If you planted ‘Macintoch’ apples in College Station, which is a 600 hour zone, what would happen?

A

flower late and poorly, if at all

85
Q

As you go north in the U.S., does the chilling zone get longer or shorter in hours of chilling temperatures accumulated?

A

longer

86
Q

_____ is a cold treatment (32-45 F) for 4-12 weeks required to trigger or initiate flowering in biennials

A

Vernalization

87
Q

Which form of energy transfer is light?

A

Radiation

88
Q

Which is the cheapest and the most common instrument used to measure light intensity?

A

Photometer

89
Q

______ is elongated, pale green to yellowish growth due to low light intensity or darkness

A

Etiolation

90
Q

A shade plant or an acclimatized sun plant will have ____ light compensation point compared to a non-acclimatized sun plant

A

a lower

91
Q

One method to acclimatize a plant for indoors is to give the plants a final period of greatly reduced light. How long does it take?

A

4-6 weeks

92
Q

In the concept of the atmospheric window, which form of radiation comes through the atmosphere relatively unaffected?

A

Visible

93
Q

If you shine a red light on a plant, it will cause phytochrome to be in which form?

A

Pfr

94
Q

Some seeds will only germinate when exposed to certain types of light. Which type of light will cause light requiring seeds to germinate?

A

All will cause germination

95
Q

A _____ exhibits its photoperiodic response when the length of night is shorter than a certain critical night length. (Think about the definition in the book but change to the night instead of day length).

A

long-day plant

96
Q

Today sunrise was at 6:46 am and sunset will be at 6:27 pm. Thus, today plants will perceive a photoperiod of _____.

A

11 hr 41 min

97
Q

What is the recommended method to stop a long-day plant from flowering during the summer?

A

Add black cloth to lengthen the night

98
Q

What is the name of the compound that allows plants to determine whether they are in the day or the night?

A

Phytochrome

99
Q

Plants use photoperiod to determine ______.

A

Plats use photoperiod to determine all of the above.
when the sun rises and sets
conditions favorable for photosynthesis
depth of planting

EPSY 321 (2 decks)

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