Horses Flashcards
signs of lameness
heat
effusion (Swelling)
discharge
muscle atrophy
lameness
hoof assessment
size/shape
hoof pastern angle
hoof capsule
coronary band conformation
shoe type, wear, pattern, position
palpation of coronary band, joints and heel bone
hoof testers
remove dirt and false horn
gait assessment
hard ground
straight line
hard and soft lunge
ridden
flexion tests
apply stress on region of limb for set time
horse trotted off to see changes in gait
may give false positives or hurt horse/exacerbate injury
sub-solar abscess
most common cause of acute lameness
ascending bacterial infection into chorium
risk factors -
poor conformation
seedy toe
wet muddy conditions
chronic laminitis/PPID
Signs -
acute severe unilateral lameness
bounding interdigital pulses
heat in hood
distal limb swelling
pain response to hoof testers
ddx -
solar bruising
pedal bone fracture
laminitis - but usually not unilateral
treatment -
encourage drainage
remove shoe and pare and clean
poultice - softens before curetting and encourages drainage
NSAIDs
if not complicated then no antibiotics
tetanus prophylaxis
chronic abscess
ruptures at coronary band
encourage to drain distally
purulent abscess
deeper structures involved
radiograph
antibiotics
solar penetrations
leave object in if possible for radiographs
identify tract and pare sole
clean, lavage and dress
sequelae -
damage to epdal bone
damage to soft tissue structures
synovial infection
if uncomplicated (no synovial penetration) - antibiotics if evidence of infection, pare and poultice, NSAIDs
if complicated (synovial penetration) - antibiotics, surgical arthrosopic lavage of synovial cavity
tetanus prophylaxis
fractures
cast - support, sterility, protection, pain relief
stablise limb
analgesia
shoot it
rober jones dressing or cast may be useful
hoof trauma
foot cast
radiographic views
lateromedial -
foot flat
2-5cm block
horizontal beam on cornoary band
long toe/low heel - dorso-palmar imbalance
solar surface angle
osteophyte formation
dorsopalmar (weightbearing)
shoes on
foot flat
block
horizontal beam on coronary band from palmar aspect
mediolateral imbalance
coffin joint space
ossification of lateral cartilages
dorso proximal palmarodistal oblique
shoes off - pack with putty
65 degree angle down through front of hoof capsule focused at top of coronary band
stand on cassette tunnel
navicular bone for cysts, lucent zones, distal border fragments, medullary sclerosis
pedal bone fracture, kertomas, osteitis
skyline (palmaroproximal-palmarodistal oblique of navicular bone)
45 degree angle down into capsule from palmar aspect between heel bulbs
stand on cassette tunnel
palmar cortex of navicular bone
corticomedullary definition
lucencies in spongiosa
cyst like lesions
MRI
bone and soft tissue
image inside hoof capsule
indications -
unclear radiograph and areas where US can’t penetrate
penetrating injuries
when don’t want GA
acute onset lameness during exercise
not responding to treatment
monitoring progress or readiness for competition
CT
3d image
no superimposition or overlap of anatomy
orientate image to view key structures
gamma scintigraphy
radioactive technetium as bone tracing agent
identify fractures
used in poor performance cases or areas difficult to examine or radiograph
palmar digital nerve block
sole
navicular apparatus
soft tissue of heel
coffin joing
distal sesamoidean ligament
25g needle
1.5ml mepivicaine
proximal edge of cartilage of foot
evaluate before 10 mins
abaxial sesamoid
foot
middle phalax
PIP joint
distal aspects of proximal phalanx
distal sesamoidean ligament
distal annular ligament
fetlock
25g
2.5 ml mepivicaine
coffin joint block
coffin joint
navicular apparatus
branches of palmar digital nerves
toe region of sole
20g
5-6ml mepivicane
lateral approach with limb off ground
care, may enter navicular bursa of DFTS
Navicular block
navicular bone, bursa, and associated ligaments
solar toe pain
distal DDFT
NOT COFFIN JOINT
20g spinal needle
foot on hickman block
in from palmar aspect pointing diagnoally down above hoof capsule
digital flexor tendon sheath block
lesions within DFTS
portion of DDFT distal to DFTS
20g
needle must remain distal to DDFT - 4 point block
