Horse Dentition Flashcards
Hooks location
- First upper cheek teeth (PM2)
- Last lower cheek teeth (M3)
Sharp enamel point location
- Outside uppers
- Inside lowers
Number of teeth in adult horses
36-44 in adults
What are the cheek teeth?
Premolar and molars
Type of teeth that horses have
Hypsodont teeth (“high teeth”)
How many incisors and cheek teeth does each horse have?
What additional teeth do males have?
Note: On each side / mirror image
- At least 3 incisors (thus 6 top and bottom)
- At least 6 cheek teeth in each arcade (maxillary and mandibular)
- Males have at least 4 canines (absent or rudimentary in females)
- What are the “wolf teeth”
- How many horses have them?
- First upper premolars (P1)
- 20-50% of horses have upper P1’s
- Lower P1’s are rare
Triadan numbering system
- Quadrants 1-4; upper rt = 1, upper left = 2, lower left = 3, & lower rt = 4
- Teeth numbered 1 to 11 in each quadrant
- Deciduous teeth, quadrants are 5-8
Deciduous teeth number
4 x 6 = 24 teeth total (excluding any wolf teeth)
Deciduous teeth color / shape
Deciduous teeth are white w/ narrow neck
What type of teeth are deciduous teeth?
Incisors and premolars
Deciduous teeth present at 6-7 months of age (horses should have)
3 deciduous incisors & 3 premolars in each arcade
Permanent incisor eruption ages (I1, I2 and I3)
I1 = 2.5 years - in by 3 I2 = 3.5 years - in by 4 I3 = 4.5 years - in by 5
- All permanent incisors in by 5 years of age
(also canines in males: 4-5 years)
Permanent canine eruption - C1 (in males)
C1 = 4-5 years
Permanent premolar eruption ages (P2 / P3 / P4)
P2 = 2.5 years P3 = 3 years P4 = 4 years
Wolf teeth eruption age (P1)
5-6 months when present
Permanent molar eruption ages (M1 / M2 / M3)
M1 = 1 year M2 = 2 years M3 = 3 1/2 - 4 years
‘Anatomic’ method of teeth numbering - ranges
Incisors = I1-3
Canines = C1
Premolars P1-4 (note: P1 = upper wolf teeth)
Molars = M1-3
Incisor eruption times (I1-3)
I1 – 7 days
I2 – 7 weeks
I3 – 7 months
What is Galvayne’s groove?
A “crease” in corner incisor (corner upper incisor - I3)
When does Galvayne’s groove first appear?
First appears on lateral aspect of I3 at around 10 years of age
Galvayne’s groove at 15 years old?
Is half-way down I3 at around 15 years of age
Galvayne’s groove at 20 years old?
Meets the occlusal surface at around 20 years of age
Galvayne’s groove at 10 years old?
First appears on lateral aspect of I3 at around 10 years of age
