hormones of the hypothalamus and pitituary Flashcards
what is the endocrine system controlled by?
The endocrine system is controlled by the pituitary gland and hypothalamus
Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary are
a. high molecular weight proteins
b. low molecular weight proteins
low molecular weight proteins
what are anterior pitituary hormones controlled by
releasing or inhibiting factors from the hypothalamus
which 2 hormones does the hypothalamus synthesize?
vasopressin[ADH] and oxytocin
vasopressin[ADH] and oxytocin are synthesized by the pitituary gland. true or false.
false. they are synthesized by the hypothalamus and stored in the pitituary till release.
which hormones are employed in diagnosis and have limited application in managing diseases?
hypothalamic releasing hormones
why are hormones of the pitituary not administered orally?
Because they are low molecular weight proteins and will get destroyed by the digestive acids
hormones of the pitituary and administered orally. t or f
false, iv scut im but not orally
what are hormones of the anterior pitituary called
adenohypophysis
which hormones controls secretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex
ACTH and corticotropin
ACTH is released in pulses. t or f
true
what stimulates the secretion of ACTH
stress stimulates the secretion of ACTH
when is ACTH released in highest concentrations
at 6am in the morning and lowest in the evening
in response to stress
what is the targest organ for ACTH/corticotropin
adrenal cortex
what is synthetic ACTH called
tetracosactrin
what is the synthetic ACTH used in
tetracosactrin is used in diagnosis adrenal cortical insufficiency
how is synethetic ACTH used to differentiate primary adrenal insufficiency from secondary adrenal insufficiency
in primary adrenal insufficiency called addisons disease, the adrenal cortex is damaged and there is no response to tetracosactrin and no release of corticosteroids
in secondary insufficiency pitituary does not release ACTH and there is response to tetracosactrin and release of corticosteroids
what is another name for growth hormone
somatotropin
what is growth hormone inhibited by
somatostatin (GHIH)
what mediates the action of GH and provides its negative feedback
IGF-1 insulin like growth factor
when is Gh released and in which manner?
GH is released in a pulsatile manner with the highest concentrations during deep sleep.
in somatotropin the plasma concentrations fluctuate upto __________
10 to 100 folds
what is a potent stimulator for somatotropin
deep sleep
Gh increases with age. true or false
false. it decreases with age
what age is GH highest in and lowest in
highest from birth upto 4 years of age and lowest in the elderly
what is the role of GH
the main function is to maintain growth in conjuction with hormones of the thyroid, gondas and adrenal cortex
what are the functions of GH (4)
stimulate cartilage synthesis
stimulate bone synthesis
stimulate protein synthesis
stimulate cell proliferation
what are the indications of somatropin
GH deficiency in children-pitituary dwarfism
short stature of turners syndrome
illicitly by atheletes
what is synthetic somatropin called
human recombinant IGF 1 mecasermin
what is the regimen for somatropin
scut injection 6-7 times per week
somatropin therapy is more effective with late start. true or false
false. it is more effective with early start
name the 4 hormones that somatotropin inhibits
growth hormone
insulin
glucagon
gastrin
what is the synthetic form of somatostatin. what is its benefit
ocetreotide. has a longer half life
name the combination therapy employed for the ttt of acromegaly due to GH releasing tumors of the anterior pitituary
octreotide + bromocriptine ( dopamine antagonist)
excessive GH in adulthood leads to __________.
acromegaly
what is another name for GnRH
gonadorellin
what does GnRh cause secretion of
LH and FSH in inferility or hypogonadism due to tumors
name the synthetic analogs of GnRH modulators
goserelin
buserelin
nafarelin
histrelin
