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pharmacology 3 > hormones of the hypothalamus and pitituary > Flashcards

hormones of the hypothalamus and pitituary Flashcards

1
Q

what is the endocrine system controlled by?

A

The endocrine system is controlled by the pituitary gland and hypothalamus

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2
Q

Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary are

a. high molecular weight proteins
b. low molecular weight proteins

A

low molecular weight proteins

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3
Q

what are anterior pitituary hormones controlled by

A

releasing or inhibiting factors from the hypothalamus

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4
Q

which 2 hormones does the hypothalamus synthesize?

A

vasopressin[ADH] and oxytocin

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5
Q

vasopressin[ADH] and oxytocin are synthesized by the pitituary gland. true or false.

A

false. they are synthesized by the hypothalamus and stored in the pitituary till release.

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6
Q

which hormones are employed in diagnosis and have limited application in managing diseases?

A

hypothalamic releasing hormones

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7
Q

why are hormones of the pitituary not administered orally?

A

Because they are low molecular weight proteins and will get destroyed by the digestive acids

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8
Q

hormones of the pitituary and administered orally. t or f

A

false, iv scut im but not orally

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9
Q

what are hormones of the anterior pitituary called

A

adenohypophysis

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10
Q

which hormones controls secretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex

A

ACTH and corticotropin

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11
Q

ACTH is released in pulses. t or f

A

true

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12
Q

what stimulates the secretion of ACTH

A

stress stimulates the secretion of ACTH

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13
Q

when is ACTH released in highest concentrations

A

at 6am in the morning and lowest in the evening

in response to stress

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14
Q

what is the targest organ for ACTH/corticotropin

A

adrenal cortex

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15
Q

what is synthetic ACTH called

A

tetracosactrin

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16
Q

what is the synthetic ACTH used in

A

tetracosactrin is used in diagnosis adrenal cortical insufficiency

17
Q

how is synethetic ACTH used to differentiate primary adrenal insufficiency from secondary adrenal insufficiency

A

in primary adrenal insufficiency called addisons disease, the adrenal cortex is damaged and there is no response to tetracosactrin and no release of corticosteroids

in secondary insufficiency pitituary does not release ACTH and there is response to tetracosactrin and release of corticosteroids

18
Q

what is another name for growth hormone

A

somatotropin

19
Q

what is growth hormone inhibited by

A

somatostatin (GHIH)

20
Q

what mediates the action of GH and provides its negative feedback

A

IGF-1 insulin like growth factor

21
Q

when is Gh released and in which manner?

A

GH is released in a pulsatile manner with the highest concentrations during deep sleep.

22
Q

in somatotropin the plasma concentrations fluctuate upto __________

A

10 to 100 folds

23
Q

what is a potent stimulator for somatotropin

A

deep sleep

24
Q

Gh increases with age. true or false

A

false. it decreases with age

25
Q

what age is GH highest in and lowest in

A

highest from birth upto 4 years of age and lowest in the elderly

26
Q

what is the role of GH

A

the main function is to maintain growth in conjuction with hormones of the thyroid, gondas and adrenal cortex

27
Q

what are the functions of GH (4)

A

stimulate cartilage synthesis
stimulate bone synthesis
stimulate protein synthesis
stimulate cell proliferation

28
Q

what are the indications of somatropin

A

GH deficiency in children-pitituary dwarfism
short stature of turners syndrome
illicitly by atheletes

29
Q

what is synthetic somatropin called

A

human recombinant IGF 1 mecasermin

30
Q

what is the regimen for somatropin

A

scut injection 6-7 times per week

31
Q

somatropin therapy is more effective with late start. true or false

A

false. it is more effective with early start

32
Q

name the 4 hormones that somatotropin inhibits

A

growth hormone
insulin
glucagon
gastrin

33
Q

what is the synthetic form of somatostatin. what is its benefit

A

ocetreotide. has a longer half life

34
Q

name the combination therapy employed for the ttt of acromegaly due to GH releasing tumors of the anterior pitituary

A

octreotide + bromocriptine ( dopamine antagonist)

35
Q

excessive GH in adulthood leads to __________.

A

acromegaly

36
Q

what is another name for GnRH

A

gonadorellin

37
Q

what does GnRh cause secretion of

A

LH and FSH in inferility or hypogonadism due to tumors

38
Q

name the synthetic analogs of GnRH modulators

A

goserelin
buserelin
nafarelin
histrelin

pharmacology 3 (9 decks)

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