Hormones and Sex Flashcards
glands are groups of cells that release hormones, chemicals that travel through the bloodstream to act on target tissues, within the body
endocrine
glands use ducts to secret fluid outside the body, such as tears and sweat
exocrine
control of hormone secretions
hypothalamus
reproductive maturation; body rhythms
pineal gland
hormone secretion by thyroid, adrenal cortex and gonads; growth
- water balance; salt balance
pituitary gland:
anterior pituitary
posterior pituitary
growth and development; metabolic rate
thyroid
salt and carbohydrate metabolism; inflammatory reactions
emotional arousal (epinephrine)
adrenal glands:
adrenal cortex (outer bark)
adrenal medulla (inner core)
sugar metabolism
digestion and appetite control
pancreas
gut
body development; maintenance of reproductive organs in adults
gonads (testes/ovaries)
release of chemicals into the synaptic cleft to cause a change in the postsynaptic cell
synaptic
a chemical signal (hormone) is released into the bloodstream and selectively affects distant target tissues
endocrine
chemicals released outside the body to affect other individuals of the same species
pheromone
chemicals released outside the body to affect individuals of another species
allomone
(and protein) hormones- a short string of amino acids
peptide
hormones – modified version of a single amino acid, also called monoamine hormones
amine
hormones– derived from cholesterol, made of four rings of carbon atoms
steroid
protein and amine hormones bind to specific receptors on the … of a cell and activate second messengers inside the cell
surface
- the effects are rapid!
hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors inside the cell
steroid
- steroid receptor complex binds to specific regions of DNA and controls expression of specific genes
- this is slower
hormones can act on more than one … (remember: it’s all about where the receptors are), and they can have different effects on different organs
target organ
many hormonal cascades are started in the … which is the brain region integrating all the internal and external cues
hypothalamus
hormone release from neuroendocrine cells is regulated by … where system output feeds back and inhibits further secretion
negative feedback
a specific example is the … in males which regulates testosterone levels and sperm production
hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis)
almost all aspects of reproductive behavior depend on …
hormones
the gonads – ovaries and testes – have 2 primary purposes: to produce the … that are responsible for facilitating reproductive behavior and to produce … (egg or sperm)
steroid hormones and gametes
