Hormones and Sex

Question 1

glands are groups of cells that release hormones, chemicals that travel through the bloodstream to act on target tissues, within the body

Answer 1

endocrine

Question 2

glands use ducts to secret fluid outside the body, such as tears and sweat

Answer 2

exocrine

Question 3

control of hormone secretions

Answer 3

hypothalamus

Question 4

reproductive maturation; body rhythms

Answer 4

pineal gland

Question 6

hormone secretion by thyroid, adrenal cortex and gonads; growth

• water balance; salt balance

Answer 6

pituitary gland:
anterior pituitary

posterior pituitary

Question 7

growth and development; metabolic rate

Answer 7

thyroid

Question 8

salt and carbohydrate metabolism; inflammatory reactions

emotional arousal (epinephrine)

Answer 8

adrenal glands:
adrenal cortex (outer bark)

adrenal medulla (inner core)

Question 9

sugar metabolism

digestion and appetite control

Answer 9

pancreas

gut

Question 10

body development; maintenance of reproductive organs in adults

Answer 10

gonads (testes/ovaries)

Question 11

release of chemicals into the synaptic cleft to cause a change in the postsynaptic cell

Answer 11

synaptic

Question 12

a chemical signal (hormone) is released into the bloodstream and selectively affects distant target tissues

Answer 12

endocrine

Question 13

chemicals released outside the body to affect other individuals of the same species

Answer 13

pheromone

Question 14

chemicals released outside the body to affect individuals of another species

Answer 14

allomone

Question 15

(and protein) hormones- a short string of amino acids

Answer 15

peptide

Question 16

hormones – modified version of a single amino acid, also called monoamine hormones

Answer 16

amine

Question 17

hormones– derived from cholesterol, made of four rings of carbon atoms

Answer 17

steroid

Question 18

protein and amine hormones bind to specific receptors on the … of a cell and activate second messengers inside the cell

Answer 18

surface
- the effects are rapid!

Question 19

hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors inside the cell

Answer 19

steroid

• steroid receptor complex binds to specific regions of DNA and controls expression of specific genes
• this is slower

Question 20

hormones can act on more than one … (remember: it’s all about where the receptors are), and they can have different effects on different organs

Answer 20

target organ

Question 21

many hormonal cascades are started in the … which is the brain region integrating all the internal and external cues

Answer 21

hypothalamus

Question 22

hormone release from neuroendocrine cells is regulated by … where system output feeds back and inhibits further secretion

Answer 22

negative feedback

Question 23

a specific example is the … in males which regulates testosterone levels and sperm production

Answer 23

hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis)

Question 24

almost all aspects of reproductive behavior depend on …

Answer 24

hormones

Question 25

the gonads – ovaries and testes – have 2 primary purposes: to produce the … that are responsible for facilitating reproductive behavior and to produce … (egg or sperm)

Answer 25

steroid hormones and gametes