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DEMS Unit 3 > Hormones and Receptors > Flashcards

Hormones and Receptors Flashcards

1
Q

3 categories of hormones

A
  1. Tyr derivatives
  2. Steroids
  3. Peptides + proteins
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2
Q

Tyr derivative Hormones

A
  1. Epinephrine
  2. Norepinephrine
  3. DA
  4. Thyroxine
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3
Q

Steroid Hormones (6)

A
  1. Testosterone
  2. Cortisol
  3. Estrogen
  4. Aldosterone
  5. VIt D
  6. Progesterone
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4
Q

Peptide hormones (5)

A
  1. Oxytocin
  2. Vasopressin
  3. Angiotensin
  4. Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
  5. Gonadotropin Releasing H
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5
Q

Proteins that are hormones (6)

A
  1. Insulin
  2. Glucagon
  3. GH
  4. Prolactin
  5. ACTH
  6. TSH (Thyroid stimulating Hormone)
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6
Q

Hormones that are involved in:
Regulation of Water
and Mineral Metabolism

A
  1. Vit D
  2. Aldosterone
  3. Vasopressin
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7
Q

Hormones that are involved in:

Energy metabolism

A
  1. INsulin
  2. Glucagon
  3. Cortisol
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8
Q

Hormones that are involved in:

Regulation of reproduction

A

Estrogen
Testosterone
Progesterone

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9
Q

Hormones that are involved in:

Regulation of growth

A

GH
Testosterone
Estrogen

(cross talk)

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10
Q

How are peptide and protein hormones made and secreted?

A

Classical pathway for secretion of protein

  1. Synthesis as pre-prohormone on RIBOSOME
  2. Gets cleaved at RER to prohormone
  3. Further process and packaged by Golgi into secretory vesicles
  4. Secreted as hormone in response to signals in Ca2+ dependent manner.
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11
Q

How are most proteins and peptide hormones transported in the blood? What are some exceptions?

A

as free hormones

exceptions:
GH, Prolactin, IGF

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12
Q

Half life of peptide and protein hormones vs steroid hormones.

A

Blood contains many proteases, half life of peptides/proteins are limited

*steroids linger in bloodstream w/ half life of hours-days

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13
Q

Proteins and peptide hormones are stored and secreted via vesicular exocytosis, what about steroid hormones?

A

Nope, they are membrane permeable.

Synthesized and released immediately into blood stream.

But! they need to be carried by carrier proteins

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14
Q

How much steroid hormones exist in free and bound form?

A

1-5% exist in free form, but it is the free form that is biologically active

*bound form is just the resevoir

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15
Q

Bioassay vs Immunoassays

A

Bioassay:
Measures H activity + fxn using EXOGENOUS system (ie cell lines)

RadioImmunoassays (RIA) + Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA):
Measures ab binding to a specific region of the hormone.
- might not be useful if abnl H is being secreted by Pt.

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16
Q

Receptors for:

  1. Epi + norepi
  2. GH and PRL
  3. Insulin + IGF-1
A
  1. Epi + norepi
    - GPCR→ cAMP, DAG, IP3 changes
  2. GH and PRL
    - JAK/STAT R → coupling and activation of tyrosine kinase (JAK) → phosphorylation of STATs
  3. Insulin + IGF-1
    - Tyrosine kinase R → activate themselves upon H binding
17
Q

Two classes of feedback loops

A
  1. H level is the regulated variable

2. Plasma [metabolite] or [mineral] acts as regulated variable

18
Q

Example of feedback loop using plasma [ ] of H

- T3, T4

A

Hypothalamus → Pituitary → Thyroid gland

Hypo: makes TRH
Pit: makes TSH in response
TG: makes T3 + T4, which (-) feeds back onto both the hypothalamus and pituitary

19
Q

Example of feedback loop using plasma [ ]

  • High blood glucose
  • Low blood glucose
A

High blood glucose
- B cells of the pancreas secretes insulin → muscle, adipose, liver all ↓ blood glucose

Low blood glucose
- a-cells of the pancreas secretes glucagon → liver increases blood glucose levels

20
Q

Positive feedback loop ex

A

Oxytocin during child birth → uterine cervix dilation

- term by expulsion of fetus and relaxation of uterine muscle

21
Q

3 situations that Oxytocin is secreted

A
  1. During passage of infant in childbirth
    - myometrium contraction
  2. During sex
  3. In response to suckling by the infant during breast-feeding
    - myoepithelial contraction

DEMS Unit 3 (26 decks)

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