Hormones and homeostasis Flashcards
What is a hormone?
They are proteins that are released into the blood stream by glands and target specific cells in the body.
What gland releases insulin?
Pancreas
What is the function of insulin?
Causes liver and muscles to take up glucose and convert it to glycogen for storage.
What gland releases ADH?
Pituitary gland
What gland releases oestrogen?
Ovaries
What gland releases progesterone?
Ovaries
What is the function of ADH?
Reduces the amount of water lost in urine.
What is the function of oestrogen?
Stimulates uterus lining to develop and the development of secondary female characteristics
What is the function of progesterone?
Maintains uterus lining and controls the development of secondary female characteristics.
What gland releases testosterone?
Testes
What is the function of testosterone?
Stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics
What gland releases adrenaline?
Adrenal gland
What is the function of adrenaline?
Increases heart and breathing rate for fight, fright or flight.
What gland releases FSH?
Pituitary gland
What is the function of FSH?
Stimulates an egg to mature in the ovary
What gland releases LH?
Pituitary gland
What is the function of LH?
Stimulates the release of an egg from the ovary
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of a constant internal environment.
Describe what happens in the body when there are high levels of glucose in the blood.
The pancreas produce insulin which enters the blood.
Insulin allows glucose to be absorbed by body cells.
Blood glucose is reduced.
What happens when there are low (nomal) levels of glucose in the blood?
Insulin not produced by pancreas.
Less glucose absorbed by body cells.
Blood glucose remains the same.
What are the main ways the body controls temperature?
sweating
shivering
controlling heat loss by controlling the amount of blood which flows near the surface of the skin
How do the hairs on the skin effect the body temperature?
When the hairs stand on end they trap a layer of air which provides insulation to lose less heat. They lie flat to lose more heat.
How does sweat affect the body temperature?
When the body is hot the body releases more sweat because it evaporates off the skin using heat energy so cools down the body.
What is vasoconstriction?
When the arterioles supplying the capillaries near the surface of the skin get narrower. Less blood will flow through capillaries near the surface of the skin, therefore less heat will be lost by radiation.
