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Biological Psychology > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

Learn about glands, hormones, thier roles, feedbacks and hormonal studies.

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1
Q

What are the main endocrine glands?

9

A
  1. Hypothalamus 4. Adrenal Gland 7. Pancreas
  2. Pituitary Gland 5. Ovaries
  3. Pineal Gland 6. Testis
  4. Thyroid Gland 9. Thymus
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2
Q

What is the role of the Pineal Gland?

3

A
  • Pineal gland produces Melatonin.
  • Melatonin regulates sleeping and working cycles.
  • Melatonin peaks around midnight and decreases throughout the day.
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3
Q

What is Entrainment?

2

A

Matching physiological events to environmental oscillations.

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4
Q

What is the role of the Hypothalamus?

4

A
  • Hypothalamic Nuclei synthesises Hypothalamic Releasing Hormones that either inhibit or stimulate release from the Pituitary Gland.
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5
Q

What is the role of the Pituitary Gland?

2

A
  • Releases Tropic Hormones which influence other glands to release hormones
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6
Q

How are the 2 parts of the Pituitary Gland called? How are they controlled?
(4)

A
  • Anterior Pituitary: Hypothalamic Releasing Hormones

- Anterior Pituitary: Nerve stimulation from Hypothalamus

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7
Q

What hormones does the Anterior Pituitary Gland influences?

5

A
  1. Growth Hormone (GH): bones
  2. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): Adrenal Cortex
  3. Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH): Thyroid Gland
  4. Gonadotropic Hormones (FSH & LH): Ovary and Testis
  5. Prolactin (PRL): Mammary Glands
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8
Q

What hormones does the Posterior Pituitary Gland influences?

2

A
  1. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH): Kidney Tubes

2. Oxytocin (OT): Uterus Smooth Muscles & Mammary Glands

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9
Q

What is the role of ADH/ Vasopressin?

2

A
  • Antidiuretic Hormone stimulates water reabsorption by kidneys.
  • Stimulates vasoconstriction in response to stress.
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10
Q

What is the role of Oxytocin?

4

A
  • Muscle contraction inside the uterus
  • Stimulates milk production
  • Inhibits stress -> levels respond to social stimulation
  • Levels increase during sexual arousal and intercourse
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11
Q

What did Grewen (2005) found about Oxytocin?

2

A
  • People that reported a higher level of support from partner had higher Oxytocin levels
  • Oxytocin levels increased in everybody after engaging in loving activities
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12
Q

What is the role of GH?

2

A
  • Deficit: pituitary dwarfism

- Pre-pubertal excess: gigantism

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13
Q

What is the role of TSH?

2

A
  • Produces Thyroxine

- Thyroxine deficit: gland swells up to make up for it

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14
Q

What is the role of Luteinizing Hormone?

2

A
  • Increases production: Progesterone (ovaries)
    Testosterone (testes & adrenal
    cortex)
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15
Q

What is the role of Follicle Stimulating Hormone?

2

A
  • Increases production: Oestrogen (ovaries)

Sperm (testes)

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16
Q

What is the role of ACTH?

2

A
  • Stimulates release of stress hormones from Adrenal Cortex
17
Q

What is the role of Prolactin?

A
  • Stimulates breast tissue development during pregnancy
  • Stimulates milk production after birth
  • Recent studies: important role in sexual desire
18
Q

How does the Adrenal Medulla work?

2

A
  • Found inside the Adrenal Gland

- Responds to nerve impulses from Hypothalamus (fast)

19
Q

How does the Adrenal Cortex work?

2

A
  • Found outside the Adrenal Gland

- Responds to Adrenocorticotropic Hormone from the Pituitary Gland (slow)

20
Q

What does the Adrenal Medulla do?

7

A 
-Secretes Noradrenaline and Adrenaline: 
\+ heart rate, 
constrict peripheral blood vessels, 
glucose release 
\+ blood flow and energy supply to essential areas
short term preparation for stress
21
Q

What does the adrenal cortex do?

6

A
  1. Secrets sex Hormones (secondary characteristic)
  2. Mineralocorticoids: Aldosterol to maintain blood pressure and salt water balance
  3. Secrets Cortisol: maintains stress responses during stressful situations
22
Q

What did Exton’s (1999) study on Masturbation to Orgasm in Males found?
(2)

A

+ Adrenaline and Noradrenaline during masturbation = they regulate systems not only for f&f responses

23
Q

What did Exton’s (1999) study on Masturbation to Orgasm in Females found?
(2)

A

+ Adrenaline and Noradrenaline during masturbation = they regulate systems not only for f&f responses

24
Q

What did Kruger’s (2002) study on Masturbation vs Intercourse in partners found?
(7)

A
  • After orgasm +prolactin which remains elevated for 160 min in men = – sexual desire, +sexual satiety, – subsequent erections and orgasms
  • Females secrete more prolactin
  • effect is more profound on men
25
Q

What did Cabergoline’s study on Impotence Treatments found?

2

A
  • Decreasing prolactin release aka a prolactin antagonist = + sexual desire, – refractory period
26
Q

What is the role of the Pancreas?

7

A
  • Maintain blood sugar levels:
    Low blood sugar = glucagon = signal liver to release glucose
    High blood sugar = insulin = stimulates fat cells to take in glucose
27
Q

What is the role of the Testes?

7

A
  • Secretes male Androgens = Testosterone since foetal development & ++ puberty = secondary male characteristics:
  • Development and growth of male reproductive structures
    + Skeletal and muscle growth
  • Enlargement of larynx
    + Body hair
    + Sexual drive
28
Q

What is the role of the Ovaries?

10

A
  • Secretes Oestrogens ++ puberty = secondary female characteristics:
  • Oestradiol: + breast development, distribution of fat, maturation of uterus and vagina
  • Progesterone: thickens uterus lining in pregnancy
  • Progesterone and Oestradiol: Stimulate changes inside uterus during period, affect sexual behaviour
29
Q

How are Hormones and behaviour linked?

2

A
  • Hormones change the likelihood of behaviours occurring according to contexts
  • Certain stimuli/ behaviours can influence hormone levels
30
Q

Give 2 examples of sematic interventions to test hormone behaviour relationship:
(2)

A
  1. Remove the source of Hormone

2. Artificially add the Hormone

Biological Psychology (5 decks)

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