Hormones Flashcards
how hormones are there in the body?
atleast 70
are hormones soluble?
most hormones are soluble in water and do not cross the cell membrane
give an example of lipid souble hormone.
testosterone are lipid soluble which means they can get to the blood.
what are hormones?
Chemical ‘messenger molecules’ that circulate in the blood. They signal. They don’t always have to circulate in the blood but all hormones do get out into the blood and have impacts on target cells
whats a support endocrine response?
generally delivered when target cell is some distance from the secretory cell
what is a support paracrine response?
target cell is closer to the secretory cell sometimes it can be right next to it e.g. islets of Langerhans in pancreas. In this situation molecules in unlikely to get into the blood.
what is a support autocrine response?
hormone is released from secretory cell and loops back and has an effect on itself e.g. beta cell insulin is released and effects the liver and has an effect on the alpha cell but it also affects its own cell in a negative feedback way.
what is a cognate receptor?
Cognate receptor is highly specific and will recognise the hormone/signalling molecule.
what are the different structures of amino acids?
Small chemicals – modified amino acids e.g. amines such as dopamine and adrenaline
Peptides are generally in the range 3 to 20 amino a acids (aa) e.g. endorphin
Proteins may be larger single polypeptide chains e.g. growth hormone (GH) is 191 amino acids and it is a large protein
Proteins may have multiple subunits e.g. insulin (21 aa + 30 aa = 50aa) ‘small protein’
Complex chemicals e.g. lipid devried steroids, testosterone, cortisol
what can cause side effects and cross reactivity?
molecules with similar shapes and structure will bind to the same recepetors
