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AK MCAT Review > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

Function and pathways

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

GnRH

A

Released by hypothalamus –> Anterior Pituitary –> LH and FSH

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2
Q

GHRH (Growth Releasing Hormone)

A

Released by hypothalamus –> Anterior Pituitary –> Growth Hormone –> influences bones, muscles, and increased glucose levels

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3
Q

TRH (Thyroid Releasing Hormone)

A

Hypothalamus –> Anterior Pituitary –> TSH –> Thyroid –> T3 and T4 –> blood and small intestine

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4
Q

CRH (Corticotropin Releasing Hormone)

A

Hypothalamus –> Anterior Pituitary –> ACTH –> Adrenal Cortex –> Glucocorticoids like Cortisol

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5
Q

PIF (Prolactin Inhibiting Factor)

A

Hypothalamus –> Anterior Pituitary –> inhibits prolactin release

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6
Q

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

A

FLAT PEG: AP

  • peptide hormone
  • follicle maturation in females/ spermatogenesis in males
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7
Q

Leutinizing Hormone (LH)

A

FLAT PEG: AP

  • peptide hormone
  • ovulation in females/testosterone synthesis in males
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8
Q

Growth Hormone (GH)

A

FLAT PEG: AP

  • peptide hormone
  • influences muscles and bones, increases blood glucose
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9
Q

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A

FLAT PEG: AP

  • peptide hormone
  • influences thyroid to release T3 and T4
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10
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A

FLAT PEG: AP

  • peptide hormone
  • influences adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids like cortisol
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11
Q

Prolactin

A

FLAT PEG: AP

  • peptide
  • influences milk production and secretion in breasts
  • inhibited by Prolactin Inhibiting Factor released by hypothalamus (PIF)
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12
Q

Endorphins

A

FLAT PEG: AP

  • peptide hormone
  • decrease pain sensation, increase euphoria
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13
Q

Antidieuretic Hormone (ADH)

A

PP

  • peptide hormone
  • increases water reabsorption by increasing permeability of the collecting duct
  • acts in response to increased blood osmolarity and decreases blood osmolarity
  • increases blood volume and bp
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14
Q

Oxytocin

A

PP

  • peptide hormone
  • uteral contractions, pleasure feelings, bonding
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15
Q

Calcitonin

A

Thyroid Cells

  • amino acid hormone
  • decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting the action of osteoclasts on bones
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16
Q

Parathyroid Hormone

A

Parathyroid

  • amino acid hormone
  • increases blood calcium levels by promoting action of osteoclasts on bones
17
Q

Glucagon

A

Pancreas: PIGS (alpha cells)

  • peptide
  • raises blood glucose levels by breaking down glycogen and inhibits protein production
  • promotes glyconeogenesis
  • releases fatty acids from adipose cells into blood stream
18
Q

Insulin

A

Pancreas: PIGS (beta cells)

  • peptide
  • lowers blood glucose levels storing glucose as glycogen
19
Q

Somatostatin

A

Pancreas: PIGS (delta cells)

  • peptide
  • inhibits both insulin and glucagon
20
Q

Aldosterone

A

Adrenal Cortex: SSS

  • mineralocorticoid steroid
  • in response to Angiotensin II
  • increases sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct –> results in pulling water into the blood stream –> increases blood volume and blood pressure
  • does NOT change blood osmolarity
  • increases K+ and H+ excretion
21
Q

Estrogen

A

Adrenal Cortex: SSS

  • steroid
  • development of female secondary sexual characteristics; maturation of sperm in males
22
Q

Progesterone

A

Adrenal Cortex: SSS

  • steroid
  • influences periods: after ovulation, increases in preparation for embryo implantation, when embryo does not implant results in decrease and shedding of uterine lining
23
Q

Testosterone

A

Adrenal Cortex: SSS

  • steroid
  • male secondary sexual characteristics and development of testes and prostate
24
Q

Epinephrine

A

Adrenal Medulla: MEN

  • peptide
  • promotes glycogenolysis in liver to increases blood sugar
  • promotes glycogenolysis in muscles to increase blood sugar
25
Q

Norepipnephrine

A

Adrenal Medulla: MEN

  • peptide
  • promotes glycogenolysis in liver to increases blood sugar
  • promotes glycogenolysis in muscles to increase blood sugar
  • too much = mania
  • not enough = depression
26
Q

Thyroxiine (T4)

A

Thyroid

  • amino acid hormone
  • influences small intestine and blood
  • slower, longer lasting effects on metabolism
  • clear cholesterol from plasma and increases glucose absorption from small intestine
27
Q

Triidothryonine (T3)

A

Thyroid

  • amino acid hormone
  • rapid, shorter duration on metabolism
  • clear cholesterol from plasma and increases glucose absorption from small intestine
28
Q

Ghrelin

A

Stomach

-increases appetite and release of orexin

29
Q

Orexin

A

increases appetite and alertness

30
Q

Leptin

A

Fat Cells

-decreases appetite by decreasing orexin production

31
Q

Secretin

A

Duodenum

  • acts on pancreas
  • stimulates pancreatic enzyme release into duodenum
  • regulate pH by inhibiting HCl secretion from parietal cells and increases bicarbonate secretion from pancreas
  • slows motility through digestive tract to allow digestive enzymes to act on chyme
32
Q

Colycystokinin (CCK)

A

Duodenum

  • in response to amino acids and fat in chyme
  • stimulates release of bile from gallbladder and pancreatic juices that breakdown carbs and proteins

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