Hormones Flashcards
Stimulates bone and muscle growth (increases protein production) and reduces insulin sensitivity (may cause diabetes)? Where is it secreted from??
What is it homologous structurally to?
GH- Growth Hormone
Anterior pituitary
Structurally homologous to Prolactin
Stimulates lactogenesis and decreases GnRH?
Where is it secreted from?
What other clinical factors may be involved?
Prolactin
Anterior pituitary
CF: excess decreases GnRH, thus inhibiting ovulation and sperm production, and decreases libido.
Stimulates milk secretion during lactation via suckling response and causes uterine contractions during labor?
Where is secreted from?
Oxytocin
Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (posterior lobe storage)
Responsible for female secondary sexual characteristics?
Estrogen - spec. Estradiol
Stimulates metabolic activity? Where is secreted from?
Thyroid hormone
Thyroid gland
Increases blood glucose level and decreases protein synthesis?
Where is secreted from?
Glucocorticoids
Adrenal Cortex (zona facsiculata)
Responsable for male secondary sexual characteristics?
Testosterone
Prepares endometrium for implantation/maintenance of pregnancy?
Where is secreted from?
Progesterone - ovaries or the placenta
Stimulates adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete cortisol?
ACTH
Stimulates follicle maturation in females and spermatogenesis in males?
FSH
Increases plasma calcium, increases bone resorption? What is the source of these cells?
PTH - Parathyroid Hormone
Chief cells of the parathyroid
Decreases plasma calcium, increases bone formation?
Where is secreted from?
Calcitonin - parafollicular cells of the thyroid
Stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone synthesis in males?
LH
Stimulates thyroid to produce TH and uptake iodine?
TSH
Released with volume overload to the heart?
Where is secreted from?
Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)
Atria of heart
Raises blood glucose? Where is it made?
Alpha-cells of the pancreas
Constricts blood vessels and is used to avoid dehydration and water balance by increasing water permeability for resorption in the kidneys (dct and cd)?
Where is secreted from?
Vasopressin (ADH) - antidiuretic hormone
Hypothalamus—> Pituitary gland
Where is antidiuretic hormone produced and where is it secreted from???
Supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, and secreted by the posterior pituitary
Where is Renin (an enzyme) secreted from? What is it’s fate, and who regulates this cascade?
Renin is produced by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys, and is converted into Angiotensin I when it meets Angiotensinogen (formed by the liver). It is converted to Angiotensin II in the blood by ACE (made in the lungs).
Angiotensin II is regulated by the adrenal cortex.
This hormone stimulates insulin production; overall increasing insulin resistance. Maternal hypoglycemia can lead to lipolysis which preserves available glucose and AAs for the fetus. Gestational diabetes results of pancreas cannot overcome the insulin resistance. What is the hormone, and where is it made?
Human placental lactogen - AKA: chorionic somatomammotropin.
It is made in the Syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta
What steroid hormones use tyrosine kinase receptors?
Estrogens, progesterone, testosterone, Aldosterone, Vitamin D, Thyroid hormones
What peptide hormones use tyrosine kinase receptors?
Insulin, Insulin-like growth factor, Fibroblast growth factor, Platelet-derived growth factor, Prolactin, Growth Hormone
What hormone is at hand:
Produced by cardiac cells in response to ventricular stretch. Causes vasodilation and increases the excretion of sodium and water in the urine.
BNP - brain naturetic peptide
This hormone stimulates the release of ACTH, MSH, and beta-Endorphin.
CRH - decreases in chronic exogenous steroid use
This hormone increases the release TSH and Prolactin. Too much of this hormone may even cause galactorrhea. What is it?
TRH
Dopamine decreases the release of what 2 hormones?
Prolactin and TSH
