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Endocrine > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Stimulates bone and muscle growth (increases protein production) and reduces insulin sensitivity (may cause diabetes)? Where is it secreted from??

What is it homologous structurally to?

A

GH- Growth Hormone

Anterior pituitary

Structurally homologous to Prolactin

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2
Q

Stimulates lactogenesis and decreases GnRH?
Where is it secreted from?

What other clinical factors may be involved?

A

Prolactin

Anterior pituitary

CF: excess decreases GnRH, thus inhibiting ovulation and sperm production, and decreases libido.

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3
Q

Stimulates milk secretion during lactation via suckling response and causes uterine contractions during labor?
Where is secreted from?

A

Oxytocin

Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (posterior lobe storage)

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4
Q

Responsible for female secondary sexual characteristics?

A

Estrogen - spec. Estradiol

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5
Q

Stimulates metabolic activity? Where is secreted from?

A

Thyroid hormone

Thyroid gland

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6
Q

Increases blood glucose level and decreases protein synthesis?
Where is secreted from?

A

Glucocorticoids

Adrenal Cortex (zona facsiculata)

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7
Q

Responsable for male secondary sexual characteristics?

A

Testosterone

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8
Q

Prepares endometrium for implantation/maintenance of pregnancy?
Where is secreted from?

A

Progesterone - ovaries or the placenta

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9
Q

Stimulates adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete cortisol?

A

ACTH

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10
Q

Stimulates follicle maturation in females and spermatogenesis in males?

A

FSH

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11
Q

Increases plasma calcium, increases bone resorption? What is the source of these cells?

A

PTH - Parathyroid Hormone

Chief cells of the parathyroid

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12
Q

Decreases plasma calcium, increases bone formation?

Where is secreted from?

A

Calcitonin - parafollicular cells of the thyroid

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13
Q

Stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone synthesis in males?

A

LH

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14
Q

Stimulates thyroid to produce TH and uptake iodine?

A

TSH

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15
Q

Released with volume overload to the heart?

Where is secreted from?

A

Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)

Atria of heart

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16
Q

Raises blood glucose? Where is it made?

A

Alpha-cells of the pancreas

17
Q

Constricts blood vessels and is used to avoid dehydration and water balance by increasing water permeability for resorption in the kidneys (dct and cd)?
Where is secreted from?

A

Vasopressin (ADH) - antidiuretic hormone

Hypothalamus—> Pituitary gland

18
Q

Where is antidiuretic hormone produced and where is it secreted from???

A

Supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, and secreted by the posterior pituitary

19
Q

Where is Renin (an enzyme) secreted from? What is it’s fate, and who regulates this cascade?

A

Renin is produced by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys, and is converted into Angiotensin I when it meets Angiotensinogen (formed by the liver). It is converted to Angiotensin II in the blood by ACE (made in the lungs).

Angiotensin II is regulated by the adrenal cortex.

20
Q

This hormone stimulates insulin production; overall increasing insulin resistance. Maternal hypoglycemia can lead to lipolysis which preserves available glucose and AAs for the fetus. Gestational diabetes results of pancreas cannot overcome the insulin resistance. What is the hormone, and where is it made?

A

Human placental lactogen - AKA: chorionic somatomammotropin.

It is made in the Syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta

21
Q

What steroid hormones use tyrosine kinase receptors?

A

Estrogens, progesterone, testosterone, Aldosterone, Vitamin D, Thyroid hormones

22
Q

What peptide hormones use tyrosine kinase receptors?

A

Insulin, Insulin-like growth factor, Fibroblast growth factor, Platelet-derived growth factor, Prolactin, Growth Hormone

23
Q

What hormone is at hand:
Produced by cardiac cells in response to ventricular stretch. Causes vasodilation and increases the excretion of sodium and water in the urine.

A

BNP - brain naturetic peptide

24
Q

This hormone stimulates the release of ACTH, MSH, and beta-Endorphin.

A

CRH - decreases in chronic exogenous steroid use

25
Q

This hormone increases the release TSH and Prolactin. Too much of this hormone may even cause galactorrhea. What is it?

A

TRH

26
Q

Dopamine decreases the release of what 2 hormones?

A

Prolactin and TSH

Endocrine (5 decks)

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