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Mcat Biology > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

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1
Q

Prolactin

A

Gland: Anterior pituitary
Class: peptide
Target: mammary gland
Effect: milk production

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2
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone

A

Gland: tropic anterior pituitary
Class: peptide
Target: thyroid
Effect: synthesis and release of thyroid hormone

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3
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Gland: kidney
Class: peptide
Target: bone marrow
Effect: increase red blood cell synthesis

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4
Q

Calcitonin

A

Gland: thyroid C cells
Class: peptide
Target: bone/kidney
Effect: lowers serum [Ca2+]

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5
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

Gland: parathyroid
Class: peptide
Target: bone/kidney/small intestine
Effect: raises serum [Ca2+]

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6
Q

Thymosin

A

Gland: thymus
Class: peptide
Target: FOR CHILDREN ONLY
Effect T cell development

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7
Q

Insulin

A

Gland: endocrine pancreas (islet of langerhans) beta cells secrete
Class: peptide
Target: cells/blood
Effect: decrease blood glucose concentration, increase glycogen and fat storage (absent or ineffective in diabetes mellitus)

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8
Q

Glucagon

A

Gland: endocrine pancreas (islets of langerhans) alpha cells
Class: peptide
Target: blood/cells
Effect: increase blood glucose concentration, decrease glycogen and fat storage

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9
Q

Somatostatin

A

Gland: endocrine pancreas (islets or langerhans) (ss sigma cells)
Class: peptide
Target: digestive system
Effect: inhibits many digestive processes

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10
Q

Growth hormone (GH)

A

Gland: anterior pituitary
Class: peptide
Target/effect: increase bone and muscle growth, increase cell turnover rate

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11
Q

Releasing and Inhibiting factors

A

Gland: hypothalamus
Class: peptide
Target: anterior pituitary
Effect: modify activity

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12
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Gland: anterior pituitary
Class: peptide
Target: adrenal cortex
Effect: increase growth and secretory activity of adrenal cortex

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13
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

Gland: gonadotropic anterior pituitary
Class: peptide
Target: ovaries/testies
Effect: ovulation/testosterone synthesis

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14
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Gland: anterior pituitary
Class: peptide
Target: ovaries/testies
Effect: follicle development/spermatogenesis

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15
Q

Anti diuretic Hormone (ADH) (aka vasopressin)

A

Gland: posterior pituitary
Class: peptide
Target: kidney
Effect: water retention

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16
Q

Oxytocin

A

Gland: posterior pituitary
Class: peptide
Target: breast/uterus
Effect: milk letdown/contraction

17
Q

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)

A

Gland: heart
Class: peptide
Target: kidney
Effect: increase urination to decrease blood pressure

18
Q

Cortisol (glucocorticoid)

A

Gland: adrenal cortex
Class: steroid
Target: circulatory/immune
Effect: long term stress response: increase blood glucose concentration, increase protein catabolism, decrease inflammation and immunity

19
Q

Aldosterone (mineralcorticoid)

A

Gland: adrenal cortex
Class: steroid
Target: kidney
Effect: increase Na+ reabsorption to increase blood pressure

20
Q

Sex steroids

A

Gland: adrenal cortex
Class: steroid
Target/Effect: not normally important but an adrenal tumor can overproduce these causing masculination or feminization

21
Q

Progesterone

A

Gland: ovaries/placenta
Class: steroid
Target: endometrium
Effect: endometrial secretion, pregnancy

22
Q

Estrogen

A

Gland: ovaries/placenta
Class: steroid
Target/Effect: female characteristics, endometrial growth

23
Q

Testosterone

A

Gland: testies
Class: steroid
Target: testies/male
Effect: male characteristics, spermatogenesis

24
Q

Epinephrine

A

Gland: adrenal medulla
Class: modified AA
Target/Effect: sympathetic stress response (rapid)

25
Q

Thyroid Hormone (TH) (Thyroxin)

A

Gland: Thyroid
Class: modified AA
Target: child/adult
Effect: child:: necessary for physical and mental development
adult:: increase metabolic rate and temperature

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