Hormones Flashcards
Leptin
Satiety hormone secreted by adipocytes. signal that ample amount of fat, and increases as body fat increases. and aids in the controlling of appetite
Ghrelin
Hunger promoting hormone released by the stomach; stimulates hunger and slows down metabolism.
LPL
Lipoprotein lipase is a hormone that removes TAGs from the blood by converting them into FAs and glycerol and store them in adipose cells. LPL levels increase w/weight gain. The higher the LPL the higher the efficiency at storing fat.
How do sex hormones influence LPL?
Estrogens stimulate LPL activity especially in women, depositing fat in the legs and buttock region. As women age, estrogen levels decrease and central obesity increases.
Irisin
Hormone that nudges white fat to brown fat.
What are adipocytokines? List two examples
Adipocytokines are proteins secreted by adipocytes. Adiponectin and Leptin
Adiponectin
hormone secreted by adipocytes. inhibits inflammation and protects against insulin resistance, T2DM, and CVD. Improves the body’s sensitivity to insulin, thermogenesis. Lean people have higher amounts than obese people.
Thyroid
Produced by the thyroid… influences metabolism
Insulin
b-cells of the pancreas, synthesize and store fat
Peptide YY (origin and function)
Origin: endocrine cells from in the small intestine function: decreases hunger in response to higher levels of dietary protein
What hormones are increased as a result of higher protein intakes?
Glucose-like peptide (GLP-1), CCK, and Peptide YY are increased and ghrelin is reduced.
How do appetite suppressants work?
Appetite suppressants diminish the desire to hunger by increasing serotonin or catecholamine. Two brain chemicals that affect mood and appetite
How do lipase inhibitors work?
Inhibit pancreatic lipase resulting in reduced absorption of fat. 30% of dietary fat consumed is blocked from absorption. Take 3x/day at meals. approved for long-term use.
What bariatric procedures reduce the amount of ghrelin from the stomach? What part of the stomach stores ghrelin?
1) The Left side of the stomach produces ghrelin 2) In gastric bypass, that part of the stomach is bypassed… and in a sleeve gastrectomy and a biliopancreatic diversion with a duodenal switch most of the left side of the stomach is removed.
