Hormones Flashcards
Vasopressin
From: Posterior Pituitary Target: Kidney Type: Peptide Causes: Retention of water Regulator: Water/Salt balance (hypothalamus)
Oxytocin
From: Posterior Pituitary Target: Uterus and mammary glands Type: Peptide Causes: Contraction of Uterus Regulator: Nervous System
TSH
From: Anterior Pituitary Target: Thyroid Gland Type: Peptide Causes: Release of TH Regulator: TRH (hypothalamus)
FSH
From: Anterior Pituitary Target: Ovaries and Testes Type: Peptide (gonadotropin) Causes: Production of ova and sperm Regulator: GnRH (hypothalamus)
LH
From: Anterior Pituitary Target: Ovaries and Testes Type: Peptide (gonadotropin) Causes: Production of estrogen/progesterone/testosterone Regulator: GnRH (hypothalamus)
ACTH
From: Anterior Pituitary Target: Adrenal Cortex Type: Peptide Causes: Release of glucocorticoids Regulator: CRH (hypothalamus)
GH
From: Anterior Pituitary Target: Liver/Adipose/Bone Type: Peptide Causes: Growth and metabolic functions Regulator: GHRH (stimulator), SST (inhibitor)
PRL
From: Anterior Pituitary Target: Mammary Glands Type: Peptide Causes: Milk production and secretion Regulator: PRF (hypothalamus)
Melatonin
From: Pineal gland
Type: Amine
Causes: Involved in circadian rhythms
Regulator: Light and dark cycles
TH (T3/T4)
From: Thyroid gland
Type: Amine (from follicular cells)
Causes: stimulates and maintains metabolic function
Regulator: TSH (anterior pituitary)
Calcitonin
From: Thyroid gland
Target: Bone (osteoclasts)
Type: Peptide (from parafollicular/c-cells)
Causes: Inhibits osteoclasts to prevent bone resorption
Regulator: Plasma Ca+ levels
PTH
From: Parathyroid gland Target: Bone and Kidney Type: Peptide (from chief cells) Causes: Stimulates osteoclasts, decreases Ca+ excretion, stimulates vitamin D from kidney to enhance intestine Ca+ absorption Regulator: Plasma Ca+ levels
Thymosin/Thymopoietin
From: Thymus
Involved in T cell development
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
From: Adrenal Medulla
Type: Amine (catecholamine)
Causes: Increase metabolic activities, raise blood glucose, constrict certain blood vessels
Regulator: Nervous System
Aldosterone (mineralcorticoid)
From: Adrenal Cortex
Target: Kidneys
Type: Steroid (from zona glomerulosa)
Causes: Reabsorption of Na+ and secretion of K+
Regulator: Angiotension II and K+ in blood
Cortisol
From: Adrenal Cortex Target: Liver, Muscle, Adipose Type: Steroid (from zona fasiculata) Causes: Raise blood glucose Regulator: ACTH (neg. feedback to CRH & ACTH)
Insulin
From: Pancreas Target: Liver, Muscle, Adipose Type: Peptide (from beta cells) Causes: Decrease plasma glucose Regulator: Plasma glucose levels
Glucagon
From: Pnacreas Target: Liver Type: Peptide (from alpha cells) Causes: Increase plasma glucose Regulator: Plasma glucose levels
Estrogen
From: Ovaries
Type: Steroid (from granulosa cells then corpus luteum)
Causes: Development of secondary sex characteristics
Regulator: FSH & LH (anterior pituitary)
Progesterone
From: Ovaries
Type: Steroid (majority from corpus luteum then granulosa and thela cells)
Causes: Uterine lining growth
Regulator: FSH & LH (anterior pituitary)
Testosterone
From: Testes
Type: Steroid (from intersitial cells)
Causes: sperm development and secondary sex characteristics
Regulator: FSH & LH (anterior pituitary)
