Endocrine

Question 0

Paracrine

Answer 0

Local effects but not on the cell that secretes the chemicals

Question 1

Autocrin

Answer 1

Chemicals that exert their effects on the same cells that secrete them

Question 2

Hormone

Answer 2

Chemical substances secreted by cells into extracellular fluids

Question 3

Leukotrienes

Answer 3

Signal chemicals involved with inflammation

Question 4

Prostaglandin

Answer 4

Multiple targets and effects, Dilation or constriction of smooth muscle, Enhance pain

Question 5

Mechanisms of Hormone Activity

Answer 5

Alter target cell activity
Open or Close membrane Ion Channels
Stimulate protein synthesis
Activate/Deactivate enzymes
Stimulates Mitosis

Question 6

List Non-Polar Hormones

Answer 6

Steroids

Thyroid Hormones

Question 7

List Polar Hormones

Answer 7

Insulin
Epinephrine
Amino Acid Based (mostly)

Question 8

Pancreas

List hormones, Actions, What it’s regulated by

Answer 8

Insulin - Lowers blood glucose, regulated by blood glucose

Glucagon - Raises blood glucose, regulated by blood glucose

Question 9

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 9

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine - Raise blood glucose level; increase metabolic activities;constrict certain blood vesses, regulated by nervous system

Question 10

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 10

Glucocorticoids - Raise blood glucose level, regulated by ACTH
Mineralocorticoids - Promote reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+ in kidneys, regulated by K+ in blood and angiotensin II

Question 11

Testes

Answer 11

Androgens - Support sperm formation; promote development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics, regulated by FSH, LH

Question 12

Ovaries

Answer 12

Estrogens - Stimulate uterine lining growth; promote development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics, regulated by FSH, LH
Progestins - Promote uterine lining growth, regulated by FSH, LH

Question 13

Pineal Gland

Answer 13

Melatonin - Involved in biological rhythms, regulated by light/dark cycles

Question 14

3 steps of membrane receptor activity

Answer 14

1. Reception
2. Transduction
3. Response

Question 15

Hypothalamus

Answer 15

Hormones released from posterior pituitary and hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary
Releasing/Inhibiting hormone

Question 16

Posterior Pituitary

Answer 16

Oxytocin - Stimulates Contraction of uterus and mammary gland cells, regulated by nervous system
ADH - Promotes retention of water by kidneys, regulated by water/salt balance

Question 17

Anterior Pituitary

Answer 17

GH - Stimulated growth
Prolactin - Stimulates milk production
FSH - Stimulates production of ova/sperm
LH - Stimulates ovaries/testes
TSH - Stimulates thyroid gland
ACTH - Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
All regulated by Hypothalamus

Question 18

Thyroid Gland

Answer 18

T3/T4 - Stimulate and maintain metabolic processes, regulated by TSH
Calcitonin - Lowers blood Ca++, regulated by Ca++ in blood

Question 19

Parathyroid Glands

Answer 19

PTH - Raises blood Ca++, regulated by Ca++ in blood

Question 20

Humoral Function

Answer 20

Reaction by changing blood levels of critical ion/nutrients

Question 21

Hormonal Function

Answer 21

Releasing hormones in response to a hormone

Question 22

What does the Diencephalon Do?

Answer 22

Autonomic control center
Regulates cardiac/smooth/gland secretion
Control Homeostasis
Thermostat
Regulate hunger/thirst
Hormones for posterior pituitary
Releasing hormones for anterior pituitary

Question 23

Adenohypophysis

Answer 23

Anterior Pituitary

Question 24

Neurohypophysis

Answer 24

Posterior Pituitary

Question 25

Infundibulum

Answer 25

Pituitary Stalk

Question 26

Somatotropin

Answer 26

Produced by somatotrophs in anterior pituitary

Question 27

Growth Hormone

Answer 27

Promotes protein systhesis
Promotes use of fats for fuels
Stimulates epiphyseal plate of long bones
Promotes increased muscle mass