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Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A

Source: Anterior Pituitary

Type: Peptide

Action: stimulates ovulation in females; testosterone synthesis in males

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2
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A

Source: Anterior Pituitary

Type: Peptide

Action: stimulate the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisone and cortisol)

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3
Q

Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A

Source: Anterior Pituitary

Type: Peptide

Action: stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones

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4
Q

Prolactin

A

Source: Anterior Pituitary

Type: Peptide

Action: stimulates milk production and secretion

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5
Q

Endorphins

A

Source: Anterior Pituitary

Type: Peptide

Action: decrease sensation of pain; can promote euphoria

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6
Q

Growth Hormone (GH)

A

Source: Anterior Pituitary

Type: Peptide

Action: stimulates bone and muscle growth; raises blood glucose levels

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7
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH; vasopressin)

A

Source: Hypothalamus (released by posterior pituitary)

Type: Peptide

Action: stimulates water reabsorption in kidneys by increasing permeability of collecting duct

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8
Q

Oxytocin

A

Source: Hypothalamus (released by posterior pituitary)

Type: Peptide

Action: stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk secretion during lactation; may promote bonding behavior

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9
Q

Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)

A

Source: Thyroid (follicular cells)

Type: Amino Acid Derivatives

Action: stimulates metabolic activity

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10
Q

Calcitonin

A

Source: Thyroid (parafollicular or C cells)

Type: Peptide

Action: decreases blood calcium concentrations

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11
Q

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

A

Source: Parathyroids

Type: Peptide

Action: increases blood calcium concentrations

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12
Q

Glucocorticoids: Cortisol and Cortisone

A

Source: Adrenal Cortex

Type: Steroid

Action: increase blood glucose concentrations; decrease protein synthesis; anti-inflammatory

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13
Q

Mineralocorticoids: Aldosterone

A

Source: Adrenal Cortex

Type: Steroid

Action: increase water absorption in the kidneys by increasing sodium reabsorption; promote potassium and hydrogen ion excretion

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14
Q

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

A

Source: Adrenal Medulla

Type: Amino-acid Derivative

Action: increase blood glucose concentrations and heart rate; dilate bronchi; alter blood flow patterns

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15
Q

Glucagon

A

Source: Pancreas (a-cells)

Type: Peptide

Action: stimulates glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis); increases blood glucose concentrations

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16
Q

Insulin

A

Source: Pancreas (b-cells)

Type: Peptide

Action: lowers blood glucose concentrations and increases anabolic processes

17
Q

Somatostatin

A

Source: Pancreas (d-cells)

Type: Peptide

Action: suppresses secretion of glucagon and insulin

18
Q

Testosterone

A

Source: Testes and adrenal cortex

Type: Steroid

Action: develops and maintains male reproductive system and male secondary sex characteristics

19
Q

Estrogen

A

Source: Ovary and placenta

Type: Steroid

Action: develops and maintains female reproductive system and female secondary sex characteristics

20
Q

Progesterone

A

Source: Ovary and placenta

Type: Steroid

Action: promotes maintenance of the endometrium

21
Q

Melatonin

A

Source: Pineal Gland

Type: Peptide

Action: involved in circadian rhythms (physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a 24-hour cycle, responding primarily to light and darkness)

22
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Source: Kidney

Type: Peptide

Action: stimulates bone marrow to produce erythrocytes

23
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

A

Source: Heart

Type: Peptide

Action: promotes salt and water excretion

24
Q

Thymosin

A

Source: Thymus

Type: Peptide

Action: stimulates T-cell development

25
Q

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)

A

Source: Hypothalamus

Type: Peptide

Action: stimulates release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin from the anterior pituitary

26
Q

Growth-Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)

A

Source: Hypothalamus

Type: Peptide

Action: stimulates release of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary

27
Q

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH)

A

Source: Hypothalamus

Type: Peptide/ Neurotransmitter

Action: involved in stress response; stimulates corticotropes to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary

28
Q

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

A

Source: Hypothalamus

Type: Peptide

Action: stimulates release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary

29
Q

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A

Source: Anterior Pituitary

Type: Peptide

Action: Stimulates follicle maturation in females; spermatogenesis in males

Biology (17 decks)

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