Hormones

Question 1

Vasopressin (ADH)

Answer 1

Released by Post. Pituitary

Stimuli: increased blood osmolarity, hypovolemia, hypotension

Response: Increase water resorption in kidney and vasoconstriction.

Question 2

Oxytocin

Answer 2

Released by Post. Pituitary

Stimuli: Suckling and uterine stimulation

Response: milk ejection reflex and uterine contraction

*Also bonding hormone although this is likely produced elsewhere.

Question 3

Growth Hormone

Answer 3

Released by Anterior Pituitarty: flat peG

Stimuli: exercise, stress, sleep (80% during sleep)

Effects: Increased growth and metabolism

Question 4

Prolactin

Answer 4

Released by Anterior Pituitarty: flat Peg

Stimuli: suckling, stress

Effects: development of mammary tissue and lactation

Question 5

Thryoid Stimulating Hormone

Answer 5

Released by Anterior Pituitarty: flaT peg

Stimuli: exposure to cold temp

Effects: increased secretion of TH –> increased metabolism –> increased heat production

Question 6

Luteinizing Hormone

Answer 6

Released by Anterior Pituitarty: fLat peg

Stimulus: Regulated by hypothalamic peptide

Effects:
Men- required for spermatogenesis. Stimulates testosterone

Women- initiates ovulation and stimulates progesterone

Question 7

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Answer 7

Released by Anterior Pituitarty: Flat peg

Stimulus: Regulated by hypothalamic peptide

Effects: Men: spermatogenesis
Women: development of ovarian follicle

Question 8

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 8

Released by Anterior Pituitarty: flAt peg

Stimulus: stress

Effects: Secretion of cortisol from Ad cortex

Question 9

Beta- endorophin

Answer 9

Released by Anterior Pituitarty: flat pEg

Stimuli - stress

Effects - opiate like –> analgesia (runner’s high)

Question 10

Thryotropin- releasing hormone

Answer 10

Increases TSH release

Question 11

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

Answer 11

Increased FSH and LH

Question 12

Corticotropin releasing hormone

Answer 12

Increased ACTH and BEP

Question 13

Growth Hormone releasing hormone

Answer 13

Increased GH

Question 14

Somatostatin

Answer 14

Decreased GH release

Question 15

Dopamine

Answer 15

Decreased prolactin

Question 16

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Answer 16

Stimulus: Released from duodenum in response to calories.

Effects: Increase digestion via: gallbladder contraction, pyloric constriction, gastric contractions.

Stimulate satiety: increase gastric mechanoreceptor activity/sensitivity –> to increase vagal afferents –> Increase NTS –> decreased food intake

Question 17

Ghrelin

Answer 17

Stimuli: empty stomach/fasting

Effect: increased appetitie by increasing Neuropeptide Y activity in ARC.

Question 18

Leptin

Answer 18

Hormone released by adipocytes to decrease food intake.

Site of action: 1.) SNT in brainstem via vagus 2.) hypothalamus (Paraventricualar Nucleus PVN, Lateral Hypothalamic Area LHA , and Arcuate Nucleas ARC)

Question 19

Neuropeptide Y

Answer 19

Neuropeptide Y neurons project to PVN and LHA to increase eating.

Leptin acts in ARC to inhibit Neuropeptide Y

Question 20

Melanocortin

Answer 20

Melanocortin neurons project both to PVN and LHA to decrease eating.

Leptin acts in ARC to activate Melanocortin