Hormones

Question 1

hormones

Answer 1

chemical messengers produced in one tissue that signal changes in other organs or tissues throughout the body
> transported via BLOODSTREAM
> interact with CELLULAR RECEPTORS

Question 2

goals for hormonal control during exercise:

Answer 2

1.) regulation of MACRONUTRIENT FUEL STORES
2.) control “FIGHT OR FLIGHT”
3.) allow for ADAPTIVE responses to exercise and maturation

Question 3

classes of hormones

Answer 3

• amino acid derivatives
• peptides
• steroids

Question 4

hormone structure

Answer 4

determines how it travels through the bloodstream and interacts with cellular receptors

Question 5

downregulation

Answer 5

decrease in receptor number in response to high concentration of hormone
ex: T2DM

Question 6

upregulation

Answer 6

increase in receptor number in response to low concentration of hormone
ex: testosterone with strength training

Question 7

primary messengers

Answer 7

hormones that can pass directly through cell membranes to influence cellular activity

Question 8

secondary messengers

Answer 8

due to structure, the hormones must activate a G-protein o the cellular surface, which in turn activates secondary messenger pathways, which then influence cellular activities
> all polar hormone types

Question 9

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Answer 9

referred to as the “master glands” due to their influence over other endocrine tissues.
- neurons from the HT activate hormone release from the pituitary gland

Question 10

anterior pituitary

Answer 10

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
growth hormone (HGH or GH)
Prolactin (PL)
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 11

posterior pituitary

Answer 11

oxytocin
vasopressin/Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 12

Growth Hormone

Answer 12

> stimulates release of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)
Stimulated by growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
Inhibited by somatostatin
essential growth of all tissues:
- amino acid uptake and protein synthesis
- long bone growth
spares plasma glucose:
- opposed insulin action to reduce the use of plasma glucose
- increases gluconeogenesis
- mobilizes fatty acids from adipose tissue

Question 13

GH and exercise

Answer 13

GH increases with exercise to help maintain plasma glucose concentration
- also stimulates protein synthesis following exercise