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Physiology > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What is ACTH (AP)

A

Adrenocorticotropin hormone stimulates - glucocorticoid release

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2
Q

What is TSH (AP)

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone - stimulates T4 release

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3
Q

What is GH (AP)

A

Growth hormone - stimulates growth

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4
Q

What is FSH (AP)

A

Follicle stimulating hormone - stimulates gamete and estrogen production

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5
Q

What is Prolactin (AP)

A

Promotes lactation

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6
Q

What is LH (AP)

A

Luteinizing hormone - stimulates sex hormone secretion and ovulation

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7
Q

What is Corticotropin releasing hormone (Hypo)

A

Stimulates secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone

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8
Q

What is Gonadotropin releasing hormone (hypo)

A

Secretion of FSH and LH

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9
Q

What is Prolactin inhibiting hormone (hypo)

A

Inhibits prolactin secretion

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10
Q

What is Somatostatin (Hypo)

A

Inhibits secretion of GH

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11
Q

What is Thyrotropin releasing hormone (Hypo)

A

Stimulates secretion of TSH

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12
Q

What is Growth hormone releasing hormone (Hypo)

A

Stimulates GH secretion

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13
Q

What does the Adrenal Medulla release

A

Epinephrine - Adrenaline, excitatory effects on the body

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14
Q

What does the Adrenal Cortex release

A

Corticosteroids - affects carbs, fat, protein metabolism, and anti-inflammatory effects

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15
Q

What are the Thyroid hormones

A

T3, T4, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone

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16
Q

What does Thyrotropin-releasing hormone do?

A

Stimulates the Ant. Pit. to release thyroid stimulating hormone

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17
Q

What does the parathyroid release

A

Calcitonin and PTH

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18
Q

What does Calcitonin do

A

Decreases blood calcium by inhibiting kidneys from reabsorbing calcium

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19
Q

What does PTH do

A

Increases calcium channels in the kidneys and stimulating osteoclasts to dissolve calcium in the bones

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20
Q

What are corticosteroid subtypes

A

Mineralocorticoids: Regulate sodium and potassium balance - Aldosterone
Glucocorticoids: Regulate metabolism - cortisol
Adrenal Androgens: Supplemental sex steroids

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21
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Personality, intelligence, communication, contains pre-central gyrus, regulates muscles

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22
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Thoughts, understanding texture and shapes, contains post-central gyrus, contains somatosensory cortex for sensations, forms tendons and joints

23
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Vision

24
Q

Temporal

A

Memory and Hearing

25
Q

Insula

A

Memory, pain, smell and taste

26
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Integrates speech heard from someone else, Do not understand what the fuck someone said

27
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Sends information to pre-central gyrus, Understand and can perform speech just doesn’t fucking make sense

28
Q

Angular Gyrus

A

Processes written words, Can understand what people say but can’t fucking read. also, can’t write comprehensive sentences/words

29
Q

Arcuate Fasciculus

A

Connects Wernicke’s and Broca’s area

30
Q

Psudounipolar

A

All sensory neurons (one long axon and some dendrites). Cell body branched off to the side

31
Q

Bipolar

A

Found in retina (rare). Axon and dendrites with cell body in the way

32
Q

Multipolar

A

Many dendrites, one axon, cell body in the way. What you would think of as the textbook neuron.

33
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

Upper motor neurons to regulate muscles. Needed for speech as it controls the muscles needed to speak. If damaged the person could potentially be able to speak but sounds may not be produced correctly

34
Q

Limbic system

A

Group of brain structures including hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, dentate gyrus and amygdala

35
Q

Limbic system (what it does)

A

Memory, control of autonomic function, some aspects of emotion (goal directed circuit)

36
Q

Chemical types of hormones

A

Amines, polypeptides/proteins, glycoproteins, steroids

37
Q

Always Polar hormones (can’t cross membrane)

A

Proteins and glycoproteins

38
Q

Always non-polar hormones (simple diffusion)

A

Steroids

39
Q

Sometimes polar/nonpolar hormones

A

Amines (polar = membrane receptor) (nonpolar = diffusion)

40
Q

Only hormone that needs a channel

A

Thyroid Hormones (amines) because they are amphipathic (have some polar and non-polar areas)

41
Q

Prohormones (less active hormone form)

A

Produced within endocrine gland and converted into smaller, active hormone in endocrine cell or target cell.

42
Q

How to take polar hormones

A

Need to be injected (ex insulin)

43
Q

How to take non-polar hormones

A

Can be taken orally (ex testosterone boosters)

44
Q

Hormone Type (amines)

A

Derived from tyrosine or tryptophan, secreted by adrenal medulla, thyroid and penial glands

45
Q

Hormone types (polypeptides/proteins)

A

Large and proteins based. Includes insulin, ADH and oxytocin

46
Q

What hormones are always transcription factors

A

Hydrophobic hormones (steroids and some amines)

47
Q

Types of Hormone interactions

A

Synergy, permissibility, antagonism

48
Q

Hormone Synergy

A

Hormones with same effect on target through different means (can be same hormone through diff receptors). ex norepinephrine and epinephrine

49
Q

Hormone Permissibility

A

Hormone permits action of second hormone on target. Ex estradiol increases progestrone receptors in uterus

50
Q

Hormone Antagonism

A

Two hormones with opposing effects on target. Ex insulin and glucagon on liver glycogen

51
Q

Islets of Langerhans (pancreas)

A

islands of endocrine units within more abundant exocrine units in pancreas. Each islet has beta cells that secrete insulin and alpha cells secrete glucagon

52
Q

Anterior Pit Hormones

A

ACTH, TSH, GH, FSH, PRL, LH

53
Q

Hypothalamus Hormones

A

CRH, GnRH, PIH, Somatostatin, TRH, GHRH

Physiology (4 decks)

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