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Repro Phys > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • short chain polypeptides

- cause the release of trophic hormones from anterior pituitary

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2
Q

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

A

-causes release of FSH and LH from anterior pituitary

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3
Q

Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH)

A

Release TSH and prolactin from anterior pituitary

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4
Q

Corticotrophin releasing hormone

A

Release ACTH from anterior pituitary

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5
Q

growth hormone releasing hormone(GHRH)

A

Release growth hormone from anterior pituitary

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6
Q

Somatostatin

A
  • growth hormone inhibiting hormone

- inhibits growth hormone release from anterior pituitary

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7
Q

How hormones get from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary

A

-capillary plexus is fused with hypophyseal portal vessels

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8
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones

A
  • polypeptides

- oxytocin

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9
Q

Oxytocin

A
  • smooth muscle contraction in mammary glands, uterus, oviduct
  • Made in hypothalamus and secreted in posterior pituitary
  • can be produced in corpus luteum of some species
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10
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones

A
  • glycoproteins or proteins
  • FSH
  • LH
  • ACTH
  • TSH
  • prolactin
  • GH
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11
Q

FSH

A

Stimulates follicle growth and spermatogenesis

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12
Q

LH

A
  • causes ovulation and maturation of Oocyte
  • maintains CL
  • stimulates androgen secretion by leydig cells
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13
Q

Prolactin

A
  • stimulates maternal behavior

- rodents: maintains CL

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14
Q

ACTH (Corticotrophin)

A

Stimulates cortisol release from adrenal gland

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15
Q

TSH

A

Stimulates thyroxine release from thyroid gland

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16
Q

Structure of LH, FSH and TSH

A

-have 2 aa chains but beta chains differ and give specificity

17
Q

Placental hormones

A
  • eCG
  • hCG
  • PL
18
Q

ECG - equine chorionic gonadotropin

A
  • contains mainly FSH activity but also a little LH activity
  • longer half life than FSH
  • helps maintain CL
  • found in blood but not urine
  • stimulates follicular devel in mare during pregnancy
  • LH activity stimulates developing follicles to ovulate and form accessory CLs
19
Q

Commercial hormones from equine placenta

A

Estrogens

  • found in mare urine
  • Premarin -commercial product
  • estrogen replacement therapy
  • prevention of osteoporosis
  • prevention of heart disease
20
Q

HCG

Human hot ionic gonadotropin

A
  • LH like activity
  • found in blood and urine
  • prevents CL regression
21
Q

PL (placental lactogen)

A
  • has GH and prolactin like activity

- prepare the mammary gland for lactation

22
Q

Gonadal hormones-peptides

A
  • relaxin

- inhibin

23
Q

Relaxin

A
  • made of 2 polypeptides
  • secreted by CL during pregnancy
  • can be secreted by uterus and placenta in some species
  • tissue must be exposed to estrogen for effect
  • cervical dilation; inhibits uterine contractions
24
Q

Inhibin

A
  • sec by sertoli cells

- inhibit FSH secretion without LH secretion

25
Q

Gonadal steroids

A
  • secreted from ovary, testis, adrenal
  • androgens
  • estrogens
  • progestins
26
Q

Steroid synthesis

A
  • cholesterol–>pregnenolone–>progesterone–>testosterone–>estradiol
  • cholesterol–>pregnenolone (mito), rest in smooth ER
  • side chain cleavage is the rate limiting step ;dec number of carbons in conversions
27
Q

Androgens

A
  • ie testosterone
  • produced by leydig cells, theca interna and adrenal gland
  • transported by binding to steroid binding globulin
  • active form: dihydrotestosterone
28
Q

Androgen function in male

A
  • stimulates spermatogenesis
  • maintain epididymis function
  • promotes growth, activity and development of accessory sex glands and secondary sex organs
  • inhibits GnRH release
  • anabolic activity
29
Q

Estrogens

A
  • ie estradiol
  • produced in granulosa cells of follicle, sertoli cells in the testes, placenta and adrenal gland
  • inc mass and contractility of uterus
  • devel of female secondary sex characteristics
  • stim or inhibits GnRH release
30
Q

Progestin

A
  • ie progesterone
  • produced in CL, placenta and adrenal gland
  • transported in blood to steroid binding globulin
  • prepares uterus for implantation and pregnancy
  • acts with estrogen to induce the behavior patterns of estrus
  • develop alveoli in mammary gland
  • inhibit rise of LH that causes ovulation
31
Q

Prostaglandins

A
  • fatty acid hormone
  • regulate smooth muscle contractions and relaxation
  • produced in many tissues-usually acts locally
  • ie PGF, PGE
32
Q

PGF

A
  • vasoconstriction
  • CL regression
  • ovulation
  • parturition
  • sperm transport
33
Q

PGE

A
  • vasodilation
  • maintain CL
  • Ovulation
  • implantation
34
Q

Melatonin

A
  • secreted from pineal gland, just below skull
  • modified amino acid
  • integrates effect of light on reproductive processes
  • involved in seasonality
35
Q

Human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG)

A 
-secreted from anterior pituitary
During and after menopause
-run out of follicles
-FSH-like activity
-modified FSH molecule
-collected in urine and sold to stimulate follicular development in women

Repro Phys (4 decks)

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