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Repro Phys > Embryogenesis of pituitary gland > Flashcards

Embryogenesis of pituitary gland Flashcards

1
Q

Germ cell migration

A

-germ cells originate in ectoderm of inner embryo
-maturation occurs and the endoderm differentiates into the yolk sac
-primordial cells from yolk sac wall migrate through mesoderm, around gut and down through the developing genital ridge
-birds - germ cells move through
blood
-migration occurs around 4th week of gestation

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2
Q

Fetal kidneys

A
  • pronephros
  • mesonephros
  • paramesonephritic duct
  • metenephros
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3
Q

Pronephros

A

Develops into part of reproductive tract

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4
Q

Endoderm (germ layer)

A
  • Digestive system
  • lungs
  • endocrine system
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5
Q

Mesoderm (germ later)

A
  • muscle
  • skeleton
  • cardiovascular
  • reproductive system
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6
Q

Ectoderm (germ layer)

A
  • nervous system
  • skin
  • hair
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7
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

-develops from rathke’s pouch

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8
Q

Rathke’s pouch

A

Outgrowth of the embryonic mouth

-forms from evagination of the oral cavity

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9
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

Forms from infindonulum

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10
Q

Infindibulum

A
  • Base of the embryonic brain

- grows down to meet Rathke’s pouch

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11
Q

Sella turcia

A
  • back of roof of mouth

- depression in sphenoid bone which surround the anterior and posterior pituitary

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12
Q

Mesonephric kidney

A

Gonad

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13
Q

Mesonephric duct

A

Wolffian duct in male

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14
Q

Paramesonephric duct

A

Mullerian duct in female

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15
Q

Jost paradigm

A

Chromosomal sex–>gonadal sex–>hormonal sex–>phenotypic sex–>and/or behavioral sex

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16
Q

Removal of gonads

A
  • formation of female parts

- default

17
Q

Y chromosome

A

Gene on this chromosome determines testicular differentiation

18
Q

SRY

A
  • sex reversal gene Y
  • gene that encodes TDF (testes determining factor)
  • DNA binding protein that enhances transcription of RNA that codes for proteins that cause development of seminiferous tubules, androgen production and AMH an sertoli cells
  • absence: medullary chords regress and secondary sex chords form that will become the egg nests
  • problem: good repro tract formation but no sperm production
19
Q

Drosophila sex

A
  • depends on number of X chromosomes
  • X or Xy or XO: male
  • XX or XXX or XXY: female
20
Q

Human sex chromosomes

A

XX, -male, normal
XXY,XXXY,XXXXY -male w impaired sperm production
XX, XXX-female
XO: turners syndrome

21
Q

SRY and birds

A

-females: ZW
-males: ZZ
W determines sex
SRY found on Z chromosome
-problem: sex determined by Z but SRY is on the W

22
Q

Sertoli cells

A

-secrete anti mullerian hormone

23
Q

Anti mullerian hormone

A
  • causes differentiation of leydig cells

- causes mullerian ducts to regress

24
Q

leydig cells

A
  • secrete testosterone
  • binds to testosterone receptors in nucleus of target cells, developmental changes via transcription
  • differentiation of wolffian ducts into vas effereitia, vas deferens, epididymis and seminal vesicles
25
Q

Differentiation of accessory glands in males

A
  • testosterone converts to dihydrotestosterone

- dht goes into nucleus and changes transcription ( catalyzed by 5alpha reductase)

26
Q

Cryptorchid, unilateral or bi lateral

A

Problem with descent of testes; very heritable

  • germ cells fail to multiply so only sertoli cells remain
  • testicular cancer
27
Q

Inguinal hernia

A
  • Inguinal ring doesn’t completely close
  • part of intestines gets stuck and pinched off
  • death
28
Q

Brain or behavioral sex

A

-exposure of brain to sex steroids during fetal development determines responses as an adult

29
Q

5alpha reductase deficiency

A
  • can’t make dihydrotestosterone
  • testis, AMH and some wolffian ducts
  • infertile
  • psedovagina that may differentiate into male during puberty
30
Q

Testicular feminization

A
  • no androgen receptors
  • testis and AMH
  • no testosterone response
  • no wolffian or mullerian duct
  • external genitalia-female
31
Q

Freemartin

A
  • twins share hormones from shared blood supply
  • female twin is masculinization
  • tested develop earlier, clitoral enlargement bc of testosterone exposure
  • AMH causes regression of mullerian ducts and no vagina

Repro Phys (4 decks)

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