Hormones Flashcards
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (APG)
Target-Thyroid Gland
Function-Stimulates release of thyroxin from the Thyroid.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (APG)
Target- Adrenal Cortex(outer layer)
Function-Stimulates release of long term stress hormones(Cortisol & Aldosterone)
Human Growth Hormone (APG)
Target- somatic cells
Function- Promotes growth of the body & promotes daily repair of the body
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (APG)
Target-Ovaries & testes
Function- in females, stimulates development of an egg in the ovary
In males, stimulates development of sperm in testes
Lutenizing Hormone (APG)
Target-Ovaries & Testes
Function- In females, stimulates ovulation & production of estrogen
In males, stimulates production of testosterone
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (APG)
Target- Melanocyte (Melanin=pigment)
Function-Stimulates pigment production by melanocytes of skin, hair & iris
Prolactin (APG)
Target- Mammary glands
Function- Stimulates & maintains milks production in mammals
Oxytocin (PPG)
Target- Uterus, Mammary Glands
Functions- Initiates uterine contractions
Stimulates milk release in mammals
Antidiuretic Hormone (PPG)
Target- Kidney tubules
Function- prevents water loss thru kidneys
Promotes reabsorption of water back into blood
Insulin (Pancreas)
Target- Body cells, Liver, Muscle
Function- Body cells absorb glucose and store as fat (LT)
Liver & Muscle absorb glucose and store as glycogen (ST)
Glucagon (pancreas)
Target- Liver & muscle
Function- Liver & muscle convert glycogen back into glucose
Raises blood glucose levels
Melatonin (Pineal)
Target-Thalamus
Function- Makes you drowsy
Cortisol wakes you up; Melatonin helps you fall asleep
Thyroid Releasing Hormone (Hypothalamus)
Targets- APG
Function- stimulates APG to release Thyroid stimulating hormone
Thyroxin (Thyroid)
Target- somatic cells
Function- burns fuel, creates heat, produce ATP, converts food into tissue
Calcitonin (Thyroid)
Target- Bones teeth muscles
Function- absorbs & store calcium from blood
Strong bones & teeth, muscle work
ParaThyroid Hormone (Parathyroid)
Target- Bones & Teeth
Function- Bones & Teeth release calcium back into the blood
Cortisol (Adrenal Cortex)
Target- Somatic Cells
Function- Suppresses inflammation, stimulates break down of fats & protein at site of injury.
Releases glucose to provide stressed body needed energy
Wake up hormone
Aldosterone (Adrenal Cortex)
Target- Kidney tubules
Function- Causes retention of sodium at kidneys back into the blood
Water is then retained
This stress hormone increases blood pressure
Adrenalin (Adrenal Medulla)
Target- Somatic cells
Function- Increases sympathetic response (fight or flight)
Increases HR,BR, converts glycogen into glucose, etc
Noradrenaline (Adrenal Medulla)
Target- Somatic cells
Function- Increases BP by restricting arteries
Focus/attention & memory increases
Your game-face hormone
Testosterone (Testes)
Target- Body cells
Function- Responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics
Inhibin (Testes)
Target- hypothalamus
Function- controls Sperm production in males
Slows the release of FSH from the APG
Estrogen (Ovaries)
Target- Somatic cells
Function- Responsible for female secondary characteristics
Progesterone (Ovaries)
Target- Uterine Lining
Function- Responsible for maintaining pregnancy
Maintains uterine lining necessary to support a developing fetus
Relaxin (Ovaries)
Target- Abdomen & birth canal
Function- active during pregnancy & labour
Opens birth canal; allowing the abdomen to stretch/grow with the baby.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (Hypothalamus chemoreceptors)
Target- Pituitary Gland
Function- Tells pituitary gland to release androgen
Diabetes insipidus
A ton of water loss= water retention issue—-> hypothalamus or antidiuretic hormone problems
Diabetes
Type 1- insulin dependent diabetes, needs daily injections of insulin
Type 2- non insulin dependant, they produce some insulin but not enough to use and store glucose satisfactory.
Steroid hormones
Fast acting
Free entry through membrane
Direct target
Protein hormones
Less direct & slower acting
Receptor mediated control
Non-Target hormones
Targets many different cell types in the body
Target hormones
Targets specific cell body types
Pheromones
Used to attract mates, mark territory or act as an alarm substance
Local Regulators
Neurotransmitters & Histamines (cause swelling)
Positive feedback loop
Continuous loop—> snowball effect
Bad for homeostasis
Examples- growth spurts
Negative Feedback
Terminating Loop —> regulates itself
Good for homeostasis
Normal for homeostatic balance in the body
Endocrine vs exocrine
Endo- tubeless, hormones enter blood stream
Exo- Tubed, products enter a duct or tube
