Hormone Effects

Question 1

GH target tissues/effects

Answer 1

Liver- ^ glucose synthesis/blood glucose, ^synthesis of IGF(insulin like growth factors) ^Blood IGF(hormone), ^synthesis of IGF binding protien Adipose tissue- ^ lipid breakdown, ^ free fatty acids and glycerol. Prevents glucose uptake due to insulin which ^ blood glucose (IGF)Skeletal muscle- ^AA uptake ^protein synthesis. v protein breakdown and v glucose uptake into cell (^blood glucose) (IGF)LONG TERM- stimulate linear bone growth, DNA syntehsis, AA uptake, protein synthesis, Collagen, cell size, # of chondrocytes.

Question 2

Prolactin effects

Answer 2

main function in breast development and milk production, NOT milk ejection inhibits ovulation in lactating female suppressing GnRH sythesis and release

Question 3

ADH Target Tissue

Answer 3

principle cell in your collecting ducts-V2 vascular smoot receptor-V1

Question 4

TH effects

Answer 4

–every cell to function properly, –acts synergistically w/GH and Somatomedin. –increases basic metabolic rate, all cellular activities(mitochondria formation, respiratory enzymes, NA/K ATPase) and alters respiratory and CVS O2 consumption. –promotes bone growth(teeth nail) and brain development increases GI motility, glucose absorption, use of glucose, fats, proteins. -decreases body weigth

Question 5

TH on adipose

Answer 5

increased lipolysis, increased fatty acids, glycerol in blood

Question 6

TH on muscle

Answer 6

increased protein breakdown and AA in blood

Question 7

TH on liver

Answer 7

increases release of glucose into the cell.

Question 8

Action of T3

Answer 8

protein synthesis. don’t pick catabolic, slightly anabolic

Question 9

T4 is broken down

Answer 9

in liver and kidneys and rT3 in other places.

Question 10

ACTH effects

Answer 10

^conversion of Cholesterol into pregnenolone, ^ transcription of synthesis enzymes, ^ number of LDL receptors.

Question 11

Aldosterone effects.

Answer 11

increased sodium uptake and Potassium secertion. increased reabsorption of Na, maintains blood volume, regulates K+ homeostasis and retains Na levels in body.

Question 12

Cortisol effects

Answer 12

-responds to stress and fasting by mobilizing all the fuel resources

Question 13

cortisol actions on the liver

Answer 13

increases glucose production, increased glycogen breakdown

Question 14

cortisol action on the adipose

Answer 14

increased lipolysis, increased fatty acids and glycerol in the blood

Question 15

cortisol action on muscle

Answer 15

increased protein breakdowns, in creased AA in blood.

Question 16

cortisol action on general cell

Answer 16

increased uptake of fatty acids and glycerol and increased release of AA in the blood.

Question 17

cortisol on CNS

Answer 17

crosses BB and acts on limbic structures, impacts mood, cushing’s disease may have sudden emotional outbursts, both addison’s and cushcings are assocaited with depression and sleep disturbances.

Question 18

cortison on inflammation and immunosuppresion

Answer 18

inhibits PG synthesis by supressing COX 2, exerts an anti inflammotry response via lipocortin 1 which inhibits neutrophils, eosinophils and monocyte migration, suppresses T and B lymphocytes and iL2. poor wound healing, inhibits chondroblasts ans osteoblasts. prevents GI and renal Ca absorption.

Question 19

cortisol has permissive actions on

Answer 19

E, GH, and glucagon. upregulates alpha 1 receptors in arteriorles to remain responseiv. is required for fetal growth and maturation.

Question 20

Epinephrine effects on metabolism

Answer 20

Beta2 break glycogen into glucose in the liver, break glycogen to lactate in the muscle, break down lipids in adipose tissue to fatty acids and glycerol. increase levels of glucagon and increase levels of glucose. Vasodilation Relax bronchial smooth muscle Alpha 2-It suppresses the release of insulin in the pancreas and Beta 1- ^contractility ^heart rate Alpha 1 vasocnstriction in slpanchnic/kidney

Question 21

Effects of insulin on metabolism.

Answer 21

stores nutrients for use later on. on liver GLUT 2 will cause glucose to be converted to glycogen, or pyruvate and (endogenous) TAGS(VLDL), Also promotes synthesis of AA to proteins. On muscle- causes GLUT 4 to be a membrane transporter, uses GLUT 4 transporters to take in glucose and make glycogen, also helps AA become prtoins. On adipose tissue, uses Glut 4 to have glucose turned into alpha glycerol phosphate or pyruvate and then to TAGS. also causes a increases in lipoprotein lipase to break down VLDL

Question 22

Glucagon effects on metabolism

Answer 22

in liver promotes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and oxidation of fats to energy and ketone bodies. in adipose tissue. can activate hormone sensitive adipose tissue lipase and deliver FFA to the liver.

Question 23

affects of calcitriol

Answer 23

causes increased absorption of Calcium and phosphate.

Question 24

estradiol effects

Answer 24

causes protein synthesis in Leydig cells