Hormone

Question 1

Where is the thyroid gland located?

Answer 1

Below the larynx, on the trachea

The thyroid is also known for its part in metabolism and hormone regulation.

Question 2

What are the primary hormones produced by the thyroid gland?

Answer 2

Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)

These hormones are involved in the utilization of glucose and overall metabolism.

Question 3

What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Answer 3

Stimulates an increase in calcium levels in the blood

PTH is secreted by the parathyroid glands, which are located on the thyroid gland.

Question 4

Where are the adrenal glands located?

Answer 4

Atop each kidney

The adrenal glands have two parts: the medulla and the cortex.

Question 5

What hormone is released from the adrenal medulla?

Answer 5

Adrenaline

Adrenaline increases heart rate and prepares the body for a ‘fight or flight’ response.

Question 6

What hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex?

Answer 6

• Aldosterone
• Cortisol
• Testosterone

These hormones regulate various functions, including blood pressure, metabolism, and sexual characteristics.

Question 7

What is the role of glucagon?

Answer 7

Induces an increase in blood sugar levels

Glucagon is produced by the pancreas and works to raise blood glucose levels during fasting.

Question 8

What hormone does the pancreas release that lowers blood sugar levels?

Answer 8

Insulin

Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The hormone _______ stimulates hunger.

Answer 9

Ghrelin

Ghrelin is produced in the stomach and signals hunger to the brain.

Question 10

What is the function of leptin?

Answer 10

Stimulates satiety

Leptin is produced by adipose (fat) tissue and helps regulate energy balance.

Question 11

What hormones are associated with the gonads?

Answer 11

• Testosterone
• Estrogens
• Progesterone

These hormones are key in sexual development and reproductive functions.

Question 12

What is the primary function of thymosin?

Answer 12

Involved in the development of T cells (white blood cells)

Thymosin is produced in the thymus gland, which is crucial for immune function.

Question 13

What is the role of melatonin?

Answer 13

Promotes sleep

Melatonin is secreted based on light exposure and helps regulate sleep-wake cycles.

Question 14

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 14

At the base of the brain, within the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the ‘master gland’ due to its role in regulating other endocrine glands.

Question 15

What does the anterior pituitary secrete?

Answer 15

• LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
• FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)
• TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone)
• ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)
• GH (Growth Hormone)
• PRL (Prolactin)

These hormones control various physiological processes including growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

Question 16

What is the primary function of the hormone antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Answer 16

Regulates water retention in the kidneys

ADH is secreted by the posterior pituitary and plays a key role in maintaining fluid balance.