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biology - topic 5 > hormonal coordination > Flashcards

hormonal coordination Flashcards

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1
Q

ADH

A

anti-diuretic hormone - controls the water content of the blood

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2
Q

adrenal gland

A

a small gland that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline

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3
Q

adrenaline

A

produced by adrenal glands in time of fear and stress
increases heart rate
boosts delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain and muscles
prepares the body for ‘flight or fight’ response
does not involve negative feedback as adrenal glands stop producing adrenaline

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4
Q

diabetes

A

a non-communicable disease in which the body either cannot produce insulin, or respond to insulin, leading to uncontrolled blood glucose concentrations

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5
Q

dialysis

A

medical treatment in which blood is removed from the body and filtered before being returned

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6
Q

endocrine system

A

composed of glands that secrete chemicals (hormones) into the bloodstream

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7
Q

glucagon

A

a hormone produced and secreted by the pancreas when blood glucose is too low

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8
Q

hormone

A

a chemical messenger which travels in the blood to activate target cells

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9
Q

insulin

A

a hormone produced and secreted by the pancreas when blood glucose is too high

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10
Q

kidney tubule

A

one of millions of tiny tubes in the kidneys that returns nutrients, fluids, and other substances that have been filtered from the blood, but the body needs, back to the blood

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11
Q

metabolic rate

A

the rate at which the chemical reactions in your body happen

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12
Q

negative feedback

A

a mechanism that restores a level back to optimum in a system

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13
Q

pancreas

A

large gland located in the abdomen near the stomach which produces digestive enzymes and the hormone insulin

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14
Q

pituitary gland

A

located in the brain and known as a ‘master gland’. meaning it secrets several hormones into the blood

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15
Q

thyroid gland

A

a large ductless gland in the neck which secretes hormones regulating growth and development through the metabolic rate

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16
Q

thyroxine

A

produced by the thyroid gland
regulates how quickly your body uses energy and makes proteins
important for growth and development
levels controlled by negative feedback

17
Q

urea

A

a waste product produced from the breakdown of amino acids in the liver

18
Q

barrier contraceptive

A

prevent sperm from reaching the egg

19
Q

contraception

A

the use of methods to prevent pregnancy, which can be hormonal or non-hormonal

20
Q

geotropism

A

the growth of plants in response to gravity

21
Q

gravitropism

A

the growth of plants in response to gravity

22
Q

implant

A

slow release of progesterone to inhibit maturation and release of eggs, which can last months or years

23
Q

infertility

A

the inability to achieve pregnancy

24
Q

intrauterine device (IUD)

A

prevent the implantation of an embryo, or can release hormones like oral contraceptives

25
Q

in vitro fertilisation (IVF)

A

the artificial fertilisation of eggs in a lab

26
Q

menstrual cycle

A

a monthly sequence of events during which the body prepares the lining of the uterus in case it receives a fertilised egg, and releases an egg from an ovary. the uterus lining then breaks down if the egg has not been fertilised

27
Q

oral contraceptive

A

contain hormones to inhibit FSH production so no eggs mature

28
Q

ovary

A

a female reproductive organ that produces eggs, present in humans and other vertebrates as a pair

29
Q

ovulation

A

the release of mature eggs from the ovaries

30
Q

phototropism

A

the orientation and growth of plants in response to light

31
Q

testes

A

two glands which produce sperm and male hormones

32
Q

uterus

A

the organ in the lower body of a woman or female mammal where offspring are conceived and in which they gestate before birth

33
Q

auxin

A

a plant hormone that controls the growth of a plant in response to different stimuli

34
Q

ethene

A

acts as a hormone to control cell division

35
Q

gibberellins

A

a plant hormone that stimulates seed germination, stem growth and flowering

36
Q

uses of auxins

A

weedkiller
rooting powder
promoting growth in tissue cultures

37
Q

uses of ethene

A

controls ripening of fruit during storage and transport

38
Q

uses of gibberellins

A

ends seed dormancy
promotes flowering
increases fruit size

biology - topic 5 (3 decks)

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