hormonal coordination

Question 1

ADH

Answer 1

anti-diuretic hormone - controls the water content of the blood

Question 2

adrenal gland

Answer 2

a small gland that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline

Question 3

adrenaline

Answer 3

produced by adrenal glands in time of fear and stress
increases heart rate
boosts delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain and muscles
prepares the body for ‘flight or fight’ response
does not involve negative feedback as adrenal glands stop producing adrenaline

Question 4

diabetes

Answer 4

a non-communicable disease in which the body either cannot produce insulin, or respond to insulin, leading to uncontrolled blood glucose concentrations

Question 5

dialysis

Answer 5

medical treatment in which blood is removed from the body and filtered before being returned

Question 6

endocrine system

Answer 6

composed of glands that secrete chemicals (hormones) into the bloodstream

Question 7

glucagon

Answer 7

a hormone produced and secreted by the pancreas when blood glucose is too low

Question 8

hormone

Answer 8

a chemical messenger which travels in the blood to activate target cells

Question 9

insulin

Answer 9

a hormone produced and secreted by the pancreas when blood glucose is too high

Question 10

kidney tubule

Answer 10

one of millions of tiny tubes in the kidneys that returns nutrients, fluids, and other substances that have been filtered from the blood, but the body needs, back to the blood

Question 11

metabolic rate

Answer 11

the rate at which the chemical reactions in your body happen

Question 12

negative feedback

Answer 12

a mechanism that restores a level back to optimum in a system

Question 13

pancreas

Answer 13

large gland located in the abdomen near the stomach which produces digestive enzymes and the hormone insulin

Question 14

pituitary gland

Answer 14

located in the brain and known as a ‘master gland’. meaning it secrets several hormones into the blood

Question 15

thyroid gland

Answer 15

a large ductless gland in the neck which secretes hormones regulating growth and development through the metabolic rate

Question 16

thyroxine

Answer 16

produced by the thyroid gland
regulates how quickly your body uses energy and makes proteins
important for growth and development
levels controlled by negative feedback

Question 17

urea

Answer 17

a waste product produced from the breakdown of amino acids in the liver

Question 18

barrier contraceptive

Answer 18

prevent sperm from reaching the egg

Question 19

contraception

Answer 19

the use of methods to prevent pregnancy, which can be hormonal or non-hormonal

Question 20

geotropism

Answer 20

the growth of plants in response to gravity

Question 21

gravitropism

Answer 21

the growth of plants in response to gravity

Question 22

implant

Answer 22

slow release of progesterone to inhibit maturation and release of eggs, which can last months or years

Question 23

infertility

Answer 23

the inability to achieve pregnancy

Question 24

intrauterine device (IUD)

Answer 24

prevent the implantation of an embryo, or can release hormones like oral contraceptives

Question 25

in vitro fertilisation (IVF)

Answer 25

the artificial fertilisation of eggs in a lab

Question 26

menstrual cycle

Answer 26

a monthly sequence of events during which the body prepares the lining of the uterus in case it receives a fertilised egg, and releases an egg from an ovary. the uterus lining then breaks down if the egg has not been fertilised

Question 27

oral contraceptive

Answer 27

contain hormones to inhibit FSH production so no eggs mature

Question 28

ovary

Answer 28

a female reproductive organ that produces eggs, present in humans and other vertebrates as a pair

Question 29

ovulation

Answer 29

the release of mature eggs from the ovaries

Question 30

phototropism

Answer 30

the orientation and growth of plants in response to light

Question 31

testes

Answer 31

two glands which produce sperm and male hormones

Question 32

uterus

Answer 32

the organ in the lower body of a woman or female mammal where offspring are conceived and in which they gestate before birth

Question 33

auxin

Answer 33

a plant hormone that controls the growth of a plant in response to different stimuli

Question 34

ethene

Answer 34

acts as a hormone to control cell division

Question 35

gibberellins

Answer 35

a plant hormone that stimulates seed germination, stem growth and flowering

Question 36

uses of auxins

Answer 36

weedkiller rooting powder promoting growth in tissue cultures

Question 37

uses of ethene

Answer 37

controls ripening of fruit during storage and transport

Question 38

uses of gibberellins

Answer 38

ends seed dormancy promotes flowering increases fruit size