Hormonal communication

Question 1

Define what an endocrine gland is

Answer 1

A gland that secretes hormones directly into the blood stream to reach target cells/tissues

Question 2

Define what an exocrine gland is

Answer 2

A gland that secretes substances through a duct directly to the target cells/ site needed

Question 3

What’s the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Answer 3

-Endocrine are ductless, exocrine have ducts
-Endocrine secrete into blood, exocrine don’t

Question 4

Name the types of hormones glands secrete (2)

Answer 4

-Steroid hormones
-Non steroid/protein hormones

Question 5

Describe how a steroid hormone functions

Answer 5

-Lipid soluble, so diffuses through cell surface membrane into cell
-Then into nucleus
-Directly affects DNA
-Initiates transcription of mRNA

Question 6

Describe how a non steroid hormone functions

Answer 6

-Not lipid soluble, so can’t diffuse into cell
-Binds to complementary cell receptors on surface cell membrane
-G-protein activated, activates enzyme adenyl cyclase
-converts ATP to cAMP (secondary messenger)
-cAMP affects the DNA and causes the affect

Question 7

Examples of Steroid hormones

Answer 7

Oestrogen, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol, aldosterone

Question 8

Examples of non steroid hormones

Answer 8

FSH, LH, Insulin, glucagon, adrenaline