Aerobic respiration Flashcards
Name the stages of aerobic respiration
Glycolysis
The Link reaction
Kreb’s cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation and the ETC (electron transport chain)
Where does glycolysis take place?
In the cytoplasm
Where does the Link reaction and the Kreb’s cycle take place?
In the mitochondrial matrix
Where does Oxidative phosphorylation and the ETC take place?
On cristae and intermembrane space of mitochondria
Products of glucolysis (per glucose):
-Net 2 ATP
-2 pyruvate
-2NADH
Products of Link reaction per glucose:
-2 Acetyl CoA
-2CO2
-2NADH
Products of Kreb’s cycle per glucose:
-4CO2
-6NADH
-2FADH
-2ATP
Describe the steps of glycolysis
-Phosphorylation: Glucose to hexose biphosphate by hydrolysis of ATP to ADP
-Lysis: Hexose biphosphate split into 2 triose phosphate
-Oxidation and Dephosphorylation: 2TP into pyruvate by 1. oxidation of TP by dehydrogenase enzyme (NAD to NADH) and 2. 4ADP to 4 ATPby dephosphorylation
Describe the link reaction:
-Pyruvate decarboxylated and dehydrogenated to make acetyl group
-Coenzyme A bind with acetyl to make Acetyl CoA
-NADH and CO2 produced too
Describe Kreb’s cycle
-Acetyl CoA bind with Oxaloacetate to make Citrate (6C)
-Decarboxylated, dehydrogenated by NAD to make 5C intermediary
-Those two again by NAD to make 4C intermediary
-ATP made by taking phosphate from 4C intermediary (substrate level phosphorylation)
-Dehydrogenated using FAD to make another 4C intermediary
-Then by NAD to make oxeloacetate
-repeat all
Describe Oxidative Phosphorylation and ETC
-NADH and FADH reoxidised to make NAD, FAD and hydrogen atoms
-Hydrogen split into H+ and e-
-e- pass along chain of electron carrier proteins
-H+ pumped across membrane to intermembrane space by electron energy, generating proton motive force (pmf or chemiosmotic potential) as proton gradient increases
-e- accepted by oxygen (final electron acceptor) as energy lost, bind with O and H+ to make water
-H+ return to matrix via ATP synthase. Pmf used to bind free floating phosphate group to ADP to make ATP synthase
What’s the difference between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?
Substrate level: take phosphate group from another molecule
Oxidative: take free floating phosphate group
What are the similarities of Photosynthesis and Aerobic respiration?
-Both have electron transport chain
-Both involve glucose, water, carbon dioxide and oxygen
-Both generate ATP
Differences between photosynthesis and Aerobic respiration?
-Photosynthesis has two key stages, Respiration has three/four
-Photosynthesis uses photophosphorylation
-ETC first in Photosynthesis, last in respiration
-Both affected by temperature
-Respiration uses FAD and NAD, photosynthesis only uses NADP
-Photosynthesis only in plants/ organisms with chloroplasts. All use respiration
