Hormonal Communication Flashcards
What system is hormonal communication?
Endocrine System
What is the Endocrine System?
Where chemicals/hormones are released which transmit information from one part of the organism to another and bring about a change
Where are hormones released from?
Endocrine cells
What produces and releases the hormones into blood capillaries?
Ductless glands (bunch of cells)
What is endocrine?
Substances (hormones) are secreted into body (blood)
What is exocrine?
Substances (digestive enzymes) secreted out of the body
What is the order of the endocrine glands?
-Pituitary
-Thyroid
-Thymus
-Adrenal
-Pancreas
-Ovaries/Testies
What are target cells?
-Have shape-specific receptors on their surface that fit a particular hormone
-Only the cells that contain the receptor for a hormone can respond to it
What are the two types of hormone?
-Protein/Peptide
-Steroid
What does each type of hormone have?
Own individual action
Protein/Peptide hormones
-Bind to receptor on target cell membrane (can’t pass across membrane)
-Hormone-receptor complex causes chemical changes within the cell and produces a specific response
Steroid Hormones
-Soluble in lipids so can pass across cell membrane
-Hormones binds with a receptor protein and is taken into the nucleus
-Hormones-receptor complex binds to a specific gene, turning it off
-Therefore controls protein synthesis
Adrenaline
-An amino acid derivative (polar)
-Unable to enter cells
Action of adrenaline
1) Adrenaline receptor site has a complementary shape to adrenaline
2)Adrenaline binds to AS and activates the enzyme adenyl cyclase
3)Adenyl cyclase converts ATP to cAMP which can activate other enzymes inside the cell
Adrenal gland
-Sits on top of kidneys
-Each gland is divided into Medulla and Cortex region
