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Biology-Communication and Homeostasis > Kidney's-Structure and Nephrons > Flashcards

Kidney's-Structure and Nephrons Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the functional units of the kidney?

A

Nephron

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2
Q

How many nephrons in each kidney?

A

1 million

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3
Q

What are the other 3 organs/tracts which are closely involved with the kidneys?

A

-Urethra
-Ureter
-Bladder

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4
Q

What is the ureter?

A

Tube which connects kidneys to bladder

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5
Q

What is the urethra?

A

Tube in which urine leaves the body

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6
Q

What are the main features of the kidney?

A

-Renal:Cortex,Medulla,Pyramids, Columns,Artery,Vein,Capsule, Helum, Pelvis
-Interlobular arterioles and venules
-Veins
-Ureter
-Nephron

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7
Q

What makes up the (renal) medulla?

A

(renal) pyramids

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8
Q

What does the (renal) vein carry?

A

deO2 blood that’s been filtered

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9
Q

What does the (renal) artery carry?

A

O2 blood that needs filtering

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10
Q

What is the first stage of blood flow around the nephron?

A

Blood enter via renal artery

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11
Q

What is the second stage of blood flow around the nephron?

A

Travels through afferent arteriole into the glomerulus

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12
Q

What is the glomerulus made out of?

A

Glomerular capillaries

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13
Q

Where is the Glomerulus?

A

Inside the Bowmans Capsule

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14
Q

What is the third stage of blood flow around the nephron?

A

Blood then flow through the efferent arteriole into the capillaries

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15
Q

What is the difference between the efferent and afferent arterioles?

A

efferent and narrower than afferent

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16
Q

What is the fourth stage of blood flow around the nephron?

A

Blood leaves nephron via the renal vein

17
Q

What happens in the Bowmans Capsule?

A

Ultrafiltration

18
Q

Where does selective re-absorption happen?

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

19
Q

What do the cells which line the PCT have?

A

Microvili

20
Q

Where does salt adjustment happen?

A

Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)

21
Q

What differs in the DCT from PCT?

A

DCT has no microvili

22
Q

What does the collecting duct do?

A

Adjusts how much H2O is reabsorbed into blood by using ADH

23
Q

What 2 things make up the Loop of Henle?

A

Ascending and descending limb

24
Q

What does the Loop of Henle do?

A

Reabsorbs most H2O back into blood

25
Q

Why do desert animals have a long Loop of Henle?

A

So they can reabsorb lots of H2) and therefore produce little urine

Biology-Communication and Homeostasis (9 decks)

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