HOPE Flashcards
Viral damage to host cell is manifested by what inflammation?
a. Suppurative
b. Necrotic
c. Granulomatous
d. Cytopathologic-Cytoproliferative inflammation
d. Cytopathologic-Cytoproliferative inflammation
These reactions are usually produced by viruses. The lesions are characterized by cell necrosis or cellular proliferation, usually with sparse inflammatory cells.
Morphological characteristics of cellular aging?
a. Hemosiderin
b. Abnormal pleiomorphic vacuolated ribosomes
c. Abnormally lobed nucleus
d. Abnormally folded golgi
c. Abnormally lobed nucleus
Typified by Infiltration of tissues by neutrophils
Acute inflammation
Often follows acute inflammation, and may also be the initial or the only detected response to some agents or in certain diseases such as viral infections and hypersensitivity reactions
Chronic inflammation
Occurs when neutrophils dominate the composition and material is liquefied to form pus.
Suppurative or purulent inflammation
A deficiency in Gp1b receptor results to which condition?
a. Chokes and bends
b. Glanzmann Thrombasthenia
c. Caisson Disease
d. Bernard Soulier syndrome
d. Bernard Soulier syndrome
A rare autosomal recessive coagulopathy (bleeding disorder) that causes a deficiency of glycoprotein Ib (GpIb)
Bernard–Soulier syndrome (BSS) (also called hemorrhagiparous thrombocytic dystrophy)
The receptor for von Willebrand factor, which is important in clot formation.
Glycoprotein Ib
Describes a condition arising from dissolved gases coming out of solution into bubbles inside the body on depressurisation.
Decompression sickness (DCS; also known as divers’ disease, the bends, or Caisson disease)
An abnormality of platelets that is an extremely rare coagulopathy (bleeding disorder due to a blood abnormality), in which the platelets contain defective or low levels of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GpIIb/IIIa)
Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia
A receptor for fibrinogen that is defective in Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia.
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
Because of this, no fibrinogen bridging of platelets to other platelets can occur, and the bleeding time is significantly prolonged.
- Which of the following is inhibited by steroids
a. Phospholipase
b. Prostaglandin
c. Prostacyclin
d. Thromboxane
b. Prostaglandin
- A type of chronic inflammation characterized by activated macrophage with a modified epithelial like (epitheloid) appearance.
a. Granulomatous inflammation
b. Suppurative inflammation
c. Serous inflammation
d. Purulent inflammation
a. Granulomatous inflammation
A collection of epithelioid macrophages which may coalesce to form multinucleate giant cells (an example is the Langhans giant cell found in the lungs) and are often surrounded by lymphocytes and fibroblasts.
Granuloma
This condition happens when the embolus has gained access into the arterial circulation.
a. Systematic embolism
b. Pulmonary embolism
c. Amniotic Fluid embolism
d. Air embolism
a. Systematic embolism
Embolus lodges at the bifurcation of the pulmonary arteries [one whole lung collapsing dead within minute]
Pulmonary embolism
Amniotic fluid contains debris and bacteria that may cause obstruction
Amniotic fluid embolism
Nitrogen dissolves in blood stream, but if you go up to the surface too fast, nitrogen forms bubbles. [at least 60ml of blood to be lethal, if less, air will be absorbed]
Air embolism
What is/are the source/s of histamine and serotonin?
a. Mast cell
b. Basophils
c. Platelets
d. AOTA
d. AOTA
In this solid tissue hypoxia-induced necrosis is due to autolysis rather than protein denaturation.
a. Kidney
b. Spleen
c. Brain
d. Liver
c. Brain
- Which of the following is prothrombic?
a. Prostacyclin
b. Tissue Factor
c. Plasmin
d. Thrombomodulin
b. Tissue Factor
A prostaglandin member of the family of lipid moleculesknown as eicosanoids. It inhibits platelet activation and is also an effective vasodilator
Prostacyclin (or PGI2)
A protein present in subendothelial tissue and leukocytes necessary for the initiation of thrombin formation from the zymogen prothrombin.
Tissue Factor (also called platelet tissue factor, factor III, thromboplastin, or CD142)
An important enzyme present in blood that degrades many blood plasma proteins, most notably, fibrin clots.
Plasmin
An integral membrane protein expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and serves as a cofactor for thrombin. It reduces blood coagulation by converting thrombin to an anticoagulant enzyme from a procoagulant enzyme.
Thrombomodulin (TM), CD141 or BDCA-3
Action of Prostacyclin (PGl2)
Inhibits platelet activation and is also an effective vasodilator
Action of Tissue Factor
Initiation of thrombin formation from the zymogen prothrombin.
Action of Thrombomodulin
It reduces blood coagulation by converting thrombin to an anticoagulant enzyme from a procoagulant enzyme.