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SF exam > Hooyer > Flashcards

Hooyer Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scale size of manned model ships?

A

Hooyer p. 4 You could have answered with any of the following: 1. 25:1

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2
Q

On manned models ship’s speed is _____ times faster.

A

Hooyer p. 4 You could have answered with any of the following: 1. 5 2. five

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3
Q

About what point does rotational motion occur?

A

The pivot point Hooyer p. 8

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4
Q

Does the movement of the pivot point change the lever arm for rotational force?

A

As the distance between the applied force and the pivot point increases, the lever arm increases and decreases. Hooyer p. 9 The correct answer is: Yes

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5
Q

Define momentum:

A

The quantity of motion measured by the product of mass and velocity. Hooyer p.9

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6
Q

Displacement varies with the ______ of the ship’s dimensions. 1. Square 2. Cube 3. Fourth Power

A

Hooyer p. 9 The correct answer is: Number 2 Cube

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7
Q

Wetted area varies with the _______ of the ship’s demesions. 1. Square 2. Cube 3. Fourth Power

A

Hooyer p. 9 The correct answer is: Number 1 Square

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8
Q

What is the best method to control momentum?

A

Keep speed down Hooyer P. 10

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9
Q

At low speed _____________ is responisble for most of the underwater resistance met by the vessel.

A

frictional resistance Hooyer p. 10

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10
Q

At higher speeds _________ absorbs the ship’s energy

A

wave making system Hooyer p. 10

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11
Q

Both longitudinal and lateral resistance act as forces and play a role in determining the position of the ___________.

A

pivot point Hooyer p. 11

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12
Q

Along with the magnitude of a force the ________ of a force is important.

A

leverage Hooyer p. 11

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13
Q

What are the four motions?

A

Longitudinal, Rotational, Lateral, Relative Hooyer p. 11

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14
Q

After a ship comes out of current the ___________ motion manifests itself as momentum.

A

relative

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15
Q

It is easier to stop _________. 1. rotational motion 2. lateral motion

A

Hooyer p. 12 The correct answer is: Number 2 lateral motion

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16
Q

Doppler logs may show speed _______ 1. through the water 2. over the ground

A

Hooyer p. 13 The correct answer is: All Of The Above

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17
Q

__________ is used with the foreship doppler to determine stern motion

A

Rate of turn indicator

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18
Q

Doppler logs become unreliable under ______ knots. 1. one 2. two 3. three 4. four

A

Hooyer p. 13 The correct answer is: Number 1 one

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19
Q

Angle of approach can be assessed with the _________.

A

compass repeater on the bridge wing. Hooyer p. 14

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20
Q

When navigating in a current, the speed of a head current is the difference between the doppler indicated _____ and _____.

A

STW and SOG

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21
Q

In general terms 100hp is equal to _____ ton(s) bollard pull 1. 0.5 2. 1 3. 1.5 4. 2

A

Hooyer p. 15 The correct answer is: Number 2 1

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22
Q

Longitudinal resistance is equal to _______ of propulsion force under constant speed. 1. 25% 2. 30% 3. 35% 4. 40%

A

Hooyer p. 15 The correct answer is: Number 1 25%

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23
Q

Transverse force of propeller when working astern is equal to ________ of applied power. 1. 1-2% 2. 2-5% 3. 5-10% 4. 7-15%

A

Hooyer p. 15 The correct answer is: Number 3 5-10%

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24
Q

The motion of a ship can be seen as a combination of _________, __________, and __________ motions 1. Longitudinal 2. Lateral 3. Rotational 4. Relative

A

Hooyer p. 16 The correct answer is: Number 1 Longitudinal and Number 2 Lateral and Number 3 Rotational

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25
Q

Is the location of the pivot point constant?

A

Hooyer p. 16 The correct answer is: No

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26
Q

Does frictional drag have an effect on the location of the pivot point?

A

Hooyer p. 17 The correct answer is: No

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27
Q

What dictates the location of the pivot point?

A

The opposition between the center of gravity and longitudinal resitance Hooyer p. 17

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28
Q

In what trim condition is the pivot point most likely to be in the center of the vessel?

A

When on an even keel. Hooyer p. 17

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29
Q

What is the drift angle?

A

The angular difference between the heading and course over ground.

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30
Q

When a vessel is turning what happens to the location of the pivot point relative to its location on a steady heading?

A

It moves towards midships Hooyer p.17

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31
Q

What limits drift angle in a turn

A

The lateral resistance of the exposed side shell Hooyer p. 18

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32
Q

If two tugs of equal power are working at even distance from midships on a ship that is DIW what type of motion will occur? 1. Lateral 2. Rotational

A

Hooyer p. 18 The correct answer is: Number 1 Lateral

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33
Q

What can be deduced from rotation of the ship when two tugs are pushing with equal power at equal distance from midships.

A

The ship has longitudinal motion and therefor the pivot point has moved Hooyer p. 19

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34
Q

When a motor ship is stopped what is overcome first when using hard over rudder? 1. Longitudinal inertia 2. Lateral inertia

A

Hooyer p. 21 The correct answer is: Number 2 Lateral inertia

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35
Q

What is the location of the pivot point on a vessel starting from dead in the water ________ lenght from bow? (L/B ratio of 8) 1. 1/16 2. 1/8 3. 1/4 4. 1/3

A

Hooyer p. 21 The correct answer is: Number 2 1/8

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36
Q

Does the pivot point move when the ship is turning at a constant speed?

A

Hooyer p. 22 The correct answer is: No

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37
Q

What is the location of the pivot point when the ship is at constant speed on a steady heading? 1. 1/16 2. 1/8 3. 1/4 4. 1/3

A

Hooyer p. 22 The correct answer is: Number 3 1/4

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38
Q

As beam decreases the pivot point moves further _______. 1. forward 2. aft

A

Hooyer p. 22 The correct answer is: Number 1 forward

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39
Q

While speed is increasing the pivot point moves further ________. 1. forward 2. aft

A

Hooyer p. 23 The correct answer is: Number 1 forward

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40
Q

While speed is decreasing the pivot point moves further ________. 1. forward 2. aft

A

Hooyer p. 23 The correct answer is: Number 2 aft

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41
Q

What is easier to overcome from DIW? 1. Longitudinal inertia 2. Rotational inertia

A

Hooyer p. 23 The correct answer is: Number 2 Rotational inertia

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42
Q

_________ helps to make a tight swing from DIW? 1. Lateral inertia 2. Longitudinal inertia 3. Rotaional inertia

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 Longitudinal inertia

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43
Q

Does a turbine powered ship or a motor ship turn sharper from DIW? 1. Motor ship 2. Turbine ship

A

Because the tubine comes up to speed slower and thereby has longer to overcome longitudinal inertia. Hooyer p. 23 The correct answer is: Number 1 Motor ship

44
Q

With headway on what causes transverse thrust?

A

The thrust of the upper blades against the rudder If the propeller is not fully submerged the lower blades having more ‘bite’ Hooyer p. 24

45
Q

When is transverse thrust maximum when moving ahead?

A

When starting from DIW, as the lever arm is longest. Hooyer p. 24

46
Q

Does a relatively large propeller for the size of ship make turning circles in opposite direcctions _______. 1. the same size 2. different sizes

A

Due to increased transverse thrust. Hooyer p. 25 The correct answer is: Number 2 different sizes

47
Q

Do low speed large diameter propellers create more or less transverse thrust? 1. more 2. less

A

Hooyer p. 25 The correct answer is: Number 1 more

48
Q

Does a duct or nozzle around a propeller create more or less transverse thrust. 1. more 2. less

A

because it prevents the water from reaching the stern at such a steep angle Hooyer p. 25 The correct answer is: Number 2 less

49
Q

When is the effect of transverse thrust the greatest? 1. Pivot point aft 2. Pivot point forward

A

Hooyer p. 25 The correct answer is: Number 2 Pivot point forward

50
Q

How does the pivot point move when a ship is trimmed by the head? 1. further forward 2. further aft

A

The correct answer is: Number 2 further aft

51
Q

What happens to the pivot point when moving astern with stern propulsion versus moving astern without? 1. it remains constant 2. it moves further forward from the stern 3. it moves further towards the stern

A

Hooyer p. 26 The correct answer is: Number 2 it moves further forward from the stern

52
Q

Does the use of a bow thruster or bow tug move the pivot point further forward or aft with stern way? 1. further aft 2. further forward

A

and thereby decreases the lever arm of transverse thrust Hooyer p. 26 The correct answer is: Number 1 further aft

53
Q

If the transverse force of the rudder is used as a lever to ‘lift’ the center of gravity the ________ would be the fulcrum.

A

Pivot Point Hooyer p. 27

54
Q

The _________ is instrumental in proportioning lateral resistance

A

Pivot Point As the pivot point moves farther forward the lateral resistance increases due to more side shell being forced uphill. As it moves further back the lateral resistance decreases

55
Q

What has more lateral resistance? 1. A beamy ship 2. A narrow ship

A

Being that the pivot point is further forward in a narrow ship there is relatively more area aft of the pivot point. Hooyer p. 28 The correct answer is: Number 2 A narrow ship

56
Q

All other things being equal which ship has a tighter turning circle? 1. A beamy ship 2. A narrow ship

A

Because the pivot point is further aft on the beamy ship their is less lateral resistance aft of the pivot point. Hooyer p. 28 The correct answer is: Number 1 A beamy ship

57
Q

All other things being equal which ship will have a larger drift angle? 1. A beamy ship 2. A narrow ship

A

Beacuse the pivot point is further aft on a beamy ship there is less lateral resistance aft of the pivot point and thereby the ship turns sharper, eg. a larger drift angle. Hooyer p. 28 The correct answer is: Number 1 A beamy ship

58
Q

When turning a vessel if counter rudder is used to slow or reverse the turn, what will allow the turn to recommence if the rudder is eased to quickly.

A

Rotational momentum The rudder should be eased slowly so that the forces that are countering the turn may remain balanced. Hooyer p. 29

59
Q

Which way does the pivot point move when accelerating? 1. Forward 2. Remains Stationary 3. Aft

A

Hooyer p. 30 The correct answer is: Number 1 Forward

60
Q

What is the advantage of using hard rudder with increased engine RPMs?

A

The turning lever increases because the piovt point moves forward and the increase of thrust over the rudder creating more lift. This will continue until the change in longitudinal forces balance out. Hooyer p. 30

61
Q

Why will a turning ship not make the posted corresponding speed for the current RPMs?

A

The increased lateral resistance developed when turning. Hooyer P. 30

62
Q

Which way does the pivot point move when decelerating? 1. Forward 2. Remains Stationary 3. Aft

A

Hooyer p. 30 The correct answer is: Number 3 Aft

63
Q

What forces the pivot point further aft when turning? Where does it end up? 1. 1/8 LWL 2. 1/4 LWL 3. 1/3 LWL 4. 1/2 LWL

A

The increase in transverse force on the foreship. Hooyer p. 31 The correct answer is: Number 3 1/3 LWL

64
Q

In which direction does the pivot point move when a vessel is trimmed by the head? 1. Forward 2. Remains stationary 3. Aft

A

Therefore the drift angle will increase and the turning circle will be smaller The correct answer is: Number 3 Aft

65
Q

If a ship is down by the _______ it is more difficult to steer. 1. Head 2. Stern

A

The turning lever is shorter because the pivot point moves aft and the rudder is less submerged. Hooyer p. 31 The correct answer is: Number 1 Head

66
Q

Why does a ship trimed by the stern have a larger turning circle?

A

The larger turning circle of a ship trimmed by the stern is due to a lessened effect of a weaker lateral resistance force at the bow and a stronger lateral resistance abaft the pivot point. Hooyer p. 31

67
Q

Why does a ship trimmed by the stern steer better? (2 reasons)

A
  1. Increased leverage of rudder force with pivot point further forward 2. Propeller is more submerged Hooyer p. 31
68
Q

What makes rudder cycling effective in slowing a ship?

A

The increase in lateral resistance exposed while the ship is veering. Hooyer p. 32

69
Q

What is initially more effective to slow a ship from full ahead? 1. Dead slow ahead 2. Stop engines

A

Hooyer P. 33 The correct answer is: Number 1 Dead slow ahead

70
Q

What is initally more effective at slowing a ship from full ahead? 1. Dead slow astern 2. Full astern

A

Because at full astern most of the force is lost to cavitation. Hooyer p. 33 The correct answer is: Number 1 Dead slow astern

71
Q

________ enables a ship to make a short turn from DIW.

A

Inertia Resists longitudinal acceleration from occuring. Hooyer p. 33

72
Q

How many ship’s lengths is the thoretical turning in circle of a ship with a L/B ratio of 9?

A

Hooyer p. 34 You could have answered with any of the following: 1. 4 2. four

73
Q

How many ship’s lengths is the thoretical turning circle of a ship with a L/B ratio of 5?

A

Hooyer p. 34 You could have answered with any of the following: 1. 3 2. three

74
Q

Which has a slightly larger turning circle. 1. higher constant speed 2. lower constant speed

A

Because of the greater momentum and longer steering lever contribute to less drift angle. Hoooyer p. 34 The correct answer is: Number 1 higher constant speed

75
Q

Which has a larger turning circle? 1. in ballast 2. in product

A

Smaller rudder area ratio, and possibly less UKC Hooyer p. 34 The correct answer is: Number 2 in product

76
Q

Why is a turning circle larger in shallow water?

A

Increased lateral resistance. Water is not able to move under the hull, which increases the lateral resistance and decreases the drift angle. Hooyer P. 35

77
Q

Which results in a quicker turn when moving ahead? 1. Turning into the wind 2. Turning away from the wind

A

Hooyer p. 35 The correct answer is: Number 1 Turning into the wind

78
Q

When operating the engines astern but still making headway transverse thrust can be concidered to be _____ % of applied power

A

Hooyer p. 36 You could have answered with any of the following: 1. 5 2. five

79
Q

When operating the engines astern with sternway transverse thrust can be concidered to be _____ % of applied power

A

Hooyer p. 36 You could have answered with any of the following: 1. 10 2. ten

80
Q

What can be done to prevent the effect of transverse thrust?

A

Giving a kick ahead to port to to get the stern swinging to starboard prior to backing down. Hooyer p. 36

81
Q

How can transverse thrust be accentuated?

A

Giving a kick to starboard to get the stern swining to port prior to backing down, so that rotational motion is already started. Hooyer p. 36

82
Q

On which is transverse thrust stronger? 1. Large ships with slow turning props 2. Small ships with fast turning props

A

Hooyer p. 37 The correct answer is: Number 1 Large ships with slow turning props

83
Q

What happens to water flow when backing down using full rudder?

A

It will partially block the propeller and make it less efficent.

84
Q

Starting from full speed through the water, the ship ends up turning the full circle ______________ of the starting point under considerably reduced speed.

A

INSIDE

85
Q

How long would you expect to stop a 250,000-dwt tanker from full speed?

A

more than 3 miles and over 20 minutes

86
Q

Frictional drag has __________ affect on a bigger ship because the ___________ varies with the cube of ships dimensions

A

Less / Displacement

87
Q

When the ships momentum acts as a force, we must consider the ________________ as the point of impact

A

Center of Gravity

88
Q

at what speed is frictional resistance responsible for most of the underwater resistance met by the vessel?

A

low speeds

89
Q

A force exerted on a ship will result in motion after what is overcome?

A

Inertia

90
Q

A beam current causes the ship to move sideways. What underwater rersistance does it meet?

A

none, no resistance

91
Q

Why is the pivot point hard to place in shipwork?

A

dual nature of effect of underwater resistance

92
Q

At constant speed, longitudinal resistance and propulsion force vectors are at equal length. What happens if the vectors are different lengths?

A

The ship would accelerate/decelerate

93
Q

The position of “G” is indicated by:

A

the trim. Only when on even keel is G at middle length and PP at one quarter length

94
Q

From DIW, forward motion of the ship brings the __________ forward (PP is not the answer but is correct also)

A

Center of lateral resistance

95
Q

Rotational motion develops into:

A

Rotational momentum, which prevents a new force from not having an immediate affect on the pivot point

96
Q

Use of the bowthruster WITH STERNWAY will shift the PP ______________ thus reducing the affect of transverse thrust of the propeller

A

further aft

97
Q

When we put the rudder back to midships, we notice that the ship continues to swing to port. In addition to rotational momentum, there is a turning moment generated by the ships lateral momentum and lateral resistance forward of the PP. Lateral momentum acts as a force with the ___________________ as the point of impact. Where is the point of impact for the lateral resistance?

A
  • Center of gravity.

- About half way between the bow and PP

98
Q

T/F longitudinal resistance is responsible for the time it takes to increase speed after engine RPMs are increased?

A

FALSE - Longitudinal INERTIA

99
Q

When at sea, rudder angles of less than _________* are preffered.

A

20*

100
Q

When slowing from full speed, a propeller working at _____% of capacity meets more resistance than a stopped propeller.

A

20%

101
Q

When working astern to slow a ships headway, a propeller working at ______% astern is more affective than a proppeller working full astern.

A

20%

102
Q

T/F Sea and swell have an adverse affect on relative to wind?

A

TRUE - When the ship turns the bow into the swell, lateral resistance, under flat sea assisting the swing, is working on the weather bow against the swing.

103
Q

DIW, When the bow thruster is used to thrust to Port, the Center of Gravity moves to _______

A

Port, same side as the desired swing EXCEPT at full speed. It may move away from the swing

104
Q

When the rudder is used for a swing to Port, the Center of Gravity moves to ________________

A

Starboard, opposite of desired swing

105
Q

Bollard pull while ahead is increased __________% when the tug is outfitted with nozzles, but is reduced to half when working astern

A

130%

SF exam (14 decks)

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