Hoorcollege 1

Question 1

Why does a cost - effectiveness analysis of an intervention not exist

Answer 1

because a cost - effectiveness analysis is about two interventions which are compared with eachother

Question 2

what is a full economic evaluation

Answer 2

it compares both costs and effects of multiple alternatives

Question 3

What is health technology assessment (HTA)

Answer 3

it is a multidisciplinary process which helps to determine the value of a health technology in its lifecycle

Question 4

why do we need economic evaluation in healthcare

Answer 4

1. budgets in health care are constrained
2. every euro can only be spent once
3. central theme in the health care economics - how do we get the most health with a limited budget

Question 5

Pareto principle

Answer 5

the people who lose are compensated by the people who win.

Question 6

opportunity costs

Answer 6

the value of the best alternative forgone, in a situation where a choice needs to be made between several mutually exclusive alternatives given limited resources.

Question 7

economic evaluation

Answer 7

• comparison of 2 or more alternatives
• incremental (cost - effectiveness) analysis = extra cost per unit of benefit
• goal: systematically identify, measure, value and compare costs and effects of different alternative policies/ interventions
• within a certain health problem or over different health problems

Question 8

comparators

Answer 8

systematic identification of all relevant alternative interventions

Question 9

perspective

Answer 9

determines the outcome of the economic evaluation

Question 10

Cost of Illness (COI)

Answer 10

identify and measure all of the costs of a particular disease.
outcome: total cost burden of a particular dieases (to society)

Question 11

budget impact analysis (BIA)

Answer 11

analysis of the financial consequences of the use of an alternative intervention compared tot the current situation for a certain budget holder

Question 12

Types of full economic evaluation

Answer 12

cost minimisation analysis (CMA)
cost effectiveness analysis (CEA)
cost benefit analysis (CBA)
Cost utility analysis (CUA)

Question 13

Cost minimisation analysis (CMA)

Answer 13

Assumption that there are no differences in effectiveness –> comparison of costs across interventions determines the cheapest

Question 14

Cost effectiveness analysis (CEA)

Answer 14

can express effects in any measure of interest for the intervention under study

Question 15

Cost benefit analysis (CBA)

Answer 15

effects of interest translated in monetary units

- WTP for a QALY

Question 16

Cost utility analysis (CUA)

Answer 16

QALYs –> standard measure of effect

Question 17

ICER = incremental cost effectiveness ratio

Answer 17

delta costs : delta effects

Question 18

ICUR - incremental cost - utility ratio

Answer 18

delta costs : delta QALYs

Question 19

Incremental cost effectiveness plane

Answer 19

if an ICER is calculated, it can be plotted in the plane.
dominant (rechts onder) : better health outcomes and cheaper
alternative dominant/dominatied: provides worser outcomes and more expensive

WTP = what society is willing to pay. if the ICER lays below the WTP line it is good.