Honors Civics Semester Exam Flashcards
1st amendment
protects the five freedoms- RAPPS
Religon, assembly, press,petition, speech (expression)
2nd amendment
protects the right to bear arms
3rd amendment
outlaws quartering
4th amendment
no unreasonable search
5th amendment
rights of the accused
6th amendment
guarantees a speedy trial
7th amendment
guarntes trial by jury and civil suits
8th amendment
no cruel or unusual punishment
9th amendment
the unspoken rights
10th amendment
creates the reserved powers
totalitarian
when the government has an excessive amount of control over its citizens
social contract
John Locke’s theory that we give up some freedom in order to protect us from others
naturalization
the process to become a citizen
liberal
the idea that more government can resolve social issues
suffrage
the ability to vote
succession
the order in which officials would replace other officials if they died or had to step down
bicameral
means two chambers
lame duck
a official who lost reelection
due process
a legal hearing or fair trial
prohibition
the illegalization of a substance
federalism
the dividing of power between a national governement and state governments
gerrymandering
the unfair drawing of political districts for one parties advantage
fillibuster
giving lengthy speeches in order to stop a bill formpassing, generally done in the senate
pardon
presidential forgiveness for a crime
judicial review
when the Supreme court examines an act of government based off the Constitution
line item veto
the ability of a governor to cancel parts of a bill
referndum
when citizens are asked to directly vote on an issue, such as a tax raise
pork
excessive spending added to a a bill
hung jury
when a jury cannot reach a decision
naturalization
the process to become a citizen
common law
law based off of precedent and past rulings
statutory law
law written by a legislative body (such as Congress)
quota
a limited number such as off immigrants
open shore
a policy where anyone who wants to immigrate are allowed to enter the county (pre 1900s USA)
John Locke
Created the human rights and social contract
Thomas Jefferson
primary author of Deceleration of Indpendence
Republic
an indirect democracy where we elect officials to make decisions
Articles of Confederation
a weak form of government before the Constitution were students were loosely tied toghther
Anti-Federalist
opponents to the Constitution, who feared federal government
Length of term for Supreme Court Justices
Life-federal 10 years- state
Secretary of State
For the federal government- conduct international relationsFor the state of Illinois- record keeper
defendant
someone accused of a crime
Chinese exclusion act
1st american immigration law- stopped all Chinese immigration into the US
delegated power
a power identified in the Constitution as a federal power
concurrent power
a power shared between state and federal government
reserved power
a power that is not identified in the Constitution, therefore is a state power
president of the senate
aka the Vice President, breaks ties in the senate
president pro tempore
substitute for the president of the senate
speaker of the house
presiding officer of the house of representatives
Miranda rights
rights read to people upon arrest
reasonable doubt
if there is any chance that someone did not commit a crime they are to be ruled
comptroller
manages the account balance for the state
checks and balances
the process by which one branch of government cancelsthe powers of others
popular soverignty
the idea that people rule
mayor council plan
the most common form of local government with a legislative branch and executive branch
property tax
a tax put on the value of property, in Illinosi one of the primary sources of school funding
Connecticut Compromise
during the Constitution this created a bicameral government to satisfy debate between large states and small states
General assembly
the legislative branch of Illinois
The State Department
In charge of foreign affairs
Elastic clause
aka the General welfare clause, allows Congress to make any law neccessary for the well being of the US
Clear and Present Danger clause
speech that could endanger others by creating panic, such as shouting fire in a crowded theater
Progressive tax
a tax which increases percentage of tax as income increases, such as the income tax
proportional tax
a tax where everyone pays the same percent of their income
regressive tax
a tax where the percent of income pays as income decreases, such as a set fee.- e.g. licensce plates
estate tax
a tax on peoples belngings after their death
excise tax
sometimes called a sin tax, put on goods to reduce sale of it, such as the cigarette tax
Voting Rights
Overtime it has varied greatly- because voting is a stet power. Originally only white land owning men could vote. Many amendments have changed this, even some states has denied voting after amendments.. such as grand father cluases, literacy tests etc.
Explain compromises to the Constitution.
The Great compromise- bicameral legislature
The Bill fo Rights- to settle Anti-Federalist fears
3/5 compromise- to settles disputes about counting slaves for representation
Differences between the Illinois Constitution and US Constitution
Illinois is newer- 1970, has 14 articles, Governor has unlimited terms, both have a bill of rights
Differences between democratc and republicans
Dems- liberal, more government, cost more, so more tax or debt
Rep-conservative, less govt., less tax
supply side economics
the belief that it is important to set the correct tax rate
believes in the Laffer curve
tcalled trickle down economics
popular with conservatives
demand side economics
the belief that in times of economic trouble the govt needs to spend and go into debt
Called keynsian economics
Believes in the multiplier effect
more popular amongst liberals
precedent
past court rulings- basis for common law
ex post facto
making an act illegal after the fact, not allowed in the US Constitution
jus sanguinis
the rule of blood, if eithe rof your parents are citizens you are born a citizen
jus soili
the rule of soil, people born on American soil are born citizens, created by the 14th amendment, creates the anchor baby problem
the five freedoms
speech
press
religon
assembly
petition
and press- be able to explain each
