Civics Semester Final Exam Flashcards
1st amendments
protects the five freedoms
2nd amendment
protects the right to bear arms
3rd amendment
outlaws quartering
4th amendment
no unreasonable search
5th amendment
rights of the accused
6th amendment
guarantees a speedy trial
7th amendment
guarntes trial by jury and civil suits
8th amendment
no cruel or unusual punishment
9th amendment
the unspoken rights
10th amendment
creates the reserved powers
Marbury v. Madison
case that created judicial review, the 1st supreme court case
Nixon v. The US
case that said the president can be subject to investigation
Brown v Board
sc case that ended school segregation
Roe v. Wade
sc scae that said women had the right to choose to have an abortion
Tinker v. Des Moines
sc case that established students had free speech in school so long as it was not disruptive
Miranda v. Arizona
sc case that established arresting officers must make suspects aware of their rights upon arrest
Sony v. United States
sc case about recording television with a vcr
Korematsu v. US
sc case that said internment was constitutional
NY Times v United States
sc case regarding classified information
Lemon v Kurtzman
sc case about religous schools and funding
oligarchy
when a small group runs a country
totalitarian
when the government has an excessive amount of control over its citizens
autocracy
another name for dictatorship
Rural
a small lightly populated region
urban
a densely populated region
census
a count of the population every ten years
social contract
John Locke’s theory that we give up some freedom in order to protect us from others
naturalization
the process to become a citizen
liberal
the idea that more government can resolve social issues
suffrage
the ability to vote
succession
the order in which officials would replace other officials if they died or had to step down
bicameral
means two chambers
lame duck
a official who lost reelection
due process
a legal hearing or fair trial
prohibition
the illegalization of a substance
federalism
the dividing of power between a national governement and state governments
gerrymandering
the unfair drawing of political districts for one parties advantage
fillibuster
giving lengthy speeches in order to stop a bill formpassing, generally done in the senate
pardon
presidential forgiveness for a crime
judicial review
when the Supreme court examines an act of government based off the Constitution
line item veto
the ability of a governor to cancel parts of a bill
referndum
when citizens are asked to directly vote on an issue, such as a tax raise
pork
excessive spending added to a a bill
hung jury
when a jury cannot reach a decision
naturalization
the process to become a citizen
common law
law based off of precedent and past rulings
statutory law
law written by a legislative body (such as Congress)
quota
a limited number such as off immigrants
open shore
a policy where anyone who wants to immigrate are allowed to enter the county (pre 1900s USA)
John Locke
Created the human rights and social contract
Thomas Jefferson
primary author of Deceleration of Indpendence
Republic
an indirect democracy where we elect officials to make decisions
Articles of Confederation
a weak form of government before the Constitution were students were loosely tied toghther
Anti-Federalist
opponents to the Constitution, who feared federal government
Length of term for Supreme Court Justices
Life-federal 10 years- state
Secretary of State
For the federal government- conduct international relations
For the state of Illinois- record keeper
defendant
someone accused of a crime
Chinese exclusion act
1st american immigration law- stopped all Chinese immigration into the US
delegated power
a power identified in the Constitution as a federal power
concurrent power
a power shared between state and federal government
reserved power
a power that is not identified in the Constitution, therefore is a state power
president of the senate
aka the Vice President, breaks ties in the senate
president pro tempore
substitute for the president of the senate
speaker of the house
presiding officer of the house of representatives
Miranda rights
rights read to people upon arrest
reasonable doubt
if there is any chance that someone did not commit a crime they are to be ruled
comptroller
manages the account balance for the state
checks and balances
the process by which one branch of government cancelsthe powers of others
popular soverignty
the idea that people rule
Old glory
another name for the American flag
mayor council plan
the most common form of local government with a legislative branch and executive branch
property tax
a tax put on the value of property, in Illinosi one of the primary sources of school funding
Connecticut Compromise
during the Constitution this created a bicameral government to satisfy debate between large states and small states
General assembly
the legislative branch of Illinois
