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Honors Bio > Honors Biology Unit Test > Flashcards

Honors Biology Unit Test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

Breaks polymers

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1
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Builds polymers

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2
Q

Polar bonds

A

Electrons aren’t shared equally

Positive and negatively charged

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3
Q

Nonpolar covalent bonds

A

No charge

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4
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Give electrons away

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5
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Share electrons

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6
Q

Waters high specific heat

A

Water takes a long time to reach its high specific heat which means that it can absorb a lot of energy before hand

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7
Q

Adhesion

A

Water to other

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8
Q

Cohesion

A

Water to water

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9
Q

Capillary action

A

Ability to draw up water from thin tubes via adhesion and cohesion

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10
Q

Why is water the universal solvent

A

It dissolves polar molecules necessary to life

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11
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Loves water

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12
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Hates water

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13
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

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14
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

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15
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Weak

Positive attracts to negative molecule

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16
Q

Organic molecules

A

Carbon and at least one hydrogen

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17
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Builds polymers

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18
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

Breaks polymers

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19
Q

Monomers

A

Building block of polymers

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20
Q

Polymers

A

Long molecule that consists on many individual blocks strung together

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21
Q

Prokaryotes

A

No nucleus

No membrane bound organelles

22
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Nucleus
Have membrane bound organelles
Mitochondria, rough er

23
Q

What do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?

A

DNA, ribosomes, cell membranes, and cytoplasm

24
Q

Manufacturing

A 
Nucleus 
Ribosomes 
Rough er
Smooth er
Golgi appartus
25
Q

Breakdown

A

Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Peroxisomes

26
Q

Energy

A

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts

27
Q

Nucleus

A

Directs cells activity

28
Q

Ribosomes

A

Assembles amino acids

29
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Receives and modified protein products and packages them for shipping

30
Q

Lysosomes

A

Digests food particles and recycled damaged organelles

31
Q

Vacuoles

A

Storage and growth functions

32
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Produce and break down water

33
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Makes lipids

Detoxification

34
Q

Substrate

A

Converted into product

35
Q

Active site

A

Where enzyme and substrate come together

36
Q

True or false

Enzymes are reusable and catalyze one type of reaction

A

True

37
Q

Denatured enzyme

A

No longer fits with substrate

38
Q

Cell membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer

39
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

Helps to maintain homeostasis

40
Q

What do cell membranes have?

A

A hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

41
Q

Transport proteins

A

Span the membrane, getting things in and out of the cell

Tunnels right through inside and out

42
Q

Integrins

A

Attach to cytoskeleton on inside and ecm on the outside

Spans the membrane

43
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Carbon and protein recognition

Function of immune system attached to outside

44
Q

Cell junctions

A

Allow cells to adhere and to interact with each other

45
Q

Receptor proteins

A

Receives messages, signals events inside of the cell

Outside facing out

46
Q

Cholesterol

A

Membrane stability ( lipid)

47
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of dilutes across a concentration gradient high to low
Passive
Facilitated diffusion

48
Q

Osmosis

A

Hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic
Water always moves to hypertonic
Cytolysis, plasmolysis, equilibrium

49
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Type of passive transport

50
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of dilutes up the concentration gradient
Active - required energy
Endocytiosis vs exocytosis
Export and import materials

51
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Monomer to monosaccharides
1:2:1 ratio
Starch, cellulose glycogen, chitin and their functions

52
Q

Lipids

A

Lots of c and h little o
Phospholipids, steroids, wax and their functions
Saturated vs unsaturated fats

53
Q

Proteins
Monomer: amino acids
C,h, o, n
Structural vs functional proteins

A

Nucleic acids
Monomer: nucleotide
C, H, O, N, P
DNA, RNA, ATP,

Honors Bio (5 decks)

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