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Exam Review > Honors Biology Exam Review > Flashcards

Honors Biology Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Who in 1919 looked at Nucleotide Structure and noticed the Nitrogen-Base-Sugar-Phosphate

A

Phoebus Levene

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2
Q

Who in 1929 noticed that DNA carries genetic information. Found this through Smooth and Rough Pneumococcus.

A

Frederich Griffith

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3
Q

Who noticed in 1937 that DNA has regular structure by using x-ray diffusion.

A

William Astbury

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4
Q

Who in 1952 Confirmed that DNA carried Genetic Information

A

Alfred Hersey and Martha Chase

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5
Q

Who in 1952 used X-ray diffraction and on the 51st photo the double helix model was discovered.

A

Rosalind Franklin and Raymond Gosling

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6
Q

Who made the first double helix model based on Photo 51

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

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7
Q

Where is DNA found in a prokaryotic cell

A

The DNA is found in the cytoplasm

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8
Q

Where is the DNA found in a eukaryotic cells.

A

It is found in the Nucleolus

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9
Q

True of False

-Prokaryotes have more DNA that Eukaryotes

A

False

-Eukaryotes usually contain more DNA

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10
Q

What is a Polymer

A

Made up of a string of amino acids folded up

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11
Q

Name all four Nitrogen Bases.

A
  1. Adenine (Purine)
  2. Guanine (Purine)
  3. Thymine (Pyrimidine)
  4. Cytosine (Pyrimidine)
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12
Q

What is the difference between Purines and Pyrimidines?

A

Purines are larger than Pyrimidines

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13
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that opens or unzips the DNA

A

Helicase

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14
Q

Name the other enzyme that assists in duplication of the missing side

A

DNA Polymerase

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15
Q

What is a Gene?

A

A region or part of a strand of DNA

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16
Q

What is the differences between RNA bases and DNA bases

A

RNA has no Thymine instead they have another protein called Uracil

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17
Q

What are the 3 types of RNA

A
  1. mRNA
  2. rRNA
  3. tRNA
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18
Q

Carries instructions for assembling proteins.

A

mRNA

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19
Q

Ribosomes of the “Decoder Ring”

A

rRNA

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20
Q

Transfers Amino Acids to Ribosome

A

tRNA

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21
Q

Who in 1869 looked at the Pus in Surgical Bandages

A

Friedrich Miescher

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22
Q

Who in 1822-1824 discovered the concept of genetic by wworking with pea plants.

A

Gregor Johann Mendel

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23
Q

P generation

A

The Original Plants

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24
Q

F1 or First Filial

A

First set of offspring

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25
Q

F2 or Second Filial

A

Second Set of Offfspring

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26
Q

A pair of factors is segregated/separated during female Gamete formation.

A

Mendel’s Law of Segregation

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27
Q

Factors that Separate Independent of one another during Gamete formation.

A

Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment

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28
Q

Likelihood a particular event will occur

A

Probablility

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29
Q

Both alleles are the same

ex. AA, CC, EE

A

Homozygous

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30
Q

The Alleles are different

ex. Aa, Cc, Ee

A

Hetrozygous

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31
Q

Genetic makeup of an organism

A

Genotype

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32
Q

The physical appearance of an organism

A

Phenotype

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33
Q

Neither Allele is dominant
3 possible Phenotypes
ex. Black, White, and Black/White mix

A

Co-Dominance

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34
Q

Neither allele is dominant
3 possible phenotypes
3rd phenotype blends
ex. Red, White, and Pink

A

Incomplete Dominance

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35
Q

Deletion
Inversion
Translocation
Nondisjunction

A

Chromosome Mutations

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36
Q

Loss of a piece of a piece of a chromosome

A

Deletion

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37
Q

Base pairs switch order

A

Inversion

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38
Q

Base pairs added from another strand

A

Translocation

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39
Q

Chromosome fails to separate during Meiosis

A

Nondisjunction

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40
Q

Name the three types of Pedigrees

A
  1. Autosomal Dominant
  2. Autosomal Recessive
  3. Sex Linked
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41
Q

Development of new types of organisms from previously existing types of organisms over time.

A

Evolution

42
Q

Layers of Rock

A

Strata

43
Q

Who reconstructed appearances from fossils. Also came up with Catastrophism.

A

Georges Cuvier

44
Q

Sudden geologic catastrophes caused extinction of a large grroup of organisms in the past.

A

Catastrophism

45
Q

Was similar to Cuvier, but same processes currently at work.

A

Charles Lyell

46
Q

Noticed Change Over Time and that Inheritance of acquired characteristics.

A

Jean Baptist Lamarck

47
Q

Famous scientist that came up with the idea of Natural Selection. His ship was the Beagle.

A

Charles Darwin

48
Q

4 Characteristics of Natural Selection

A
  1. Overproduction
  2. Genetic variation
  3. Struggle for Survival
  4. Differential Reproduction
49
Q

Sediments are youngest on top, oldest on bottom

A

Principle of Superposition

50
Q

Sediments deposited in nearly Horizontal Beds

A

Principle of Original Horizontality

51
Q

Layers of Rock may not be fractured and moved unless the layers exist.

A

Principle of Crosscutting Relationships

52
Q

Sediments deposited laterally in all directions

A

Principle of Lateral Continuity

53
Q

Organisms look similar but are not closely related.

ex. birds and bats

A

Convergent Evolution

54
Q

Related but do not look alike

ex. Humans and Bats

A

Divergent Evolution

55
Q

When Humans pick certain traits

ex. Dog Breeds

A

Artificial Selection

56
Q

Species evolve to each other’s influence

A

Co-evoloution

57
Q

Who created the system of taxonomy using 7 levels

A

Carolous Linnaeus

58
Q

Tree-like diagram depicting relationships between taxonomy cladistics

A

Phylogenetic Diagram

59
Q

Who developed Cladistics using shared and derived charcters

A

Willi Henning

60
Q

Who developed the idea of creating Domains

A

Carol Woese

61
Q

Name all of the Kingdoms in Domain Eukarya

A

Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Anamalia

62
Q

Name all of the Phylums of Kingdom Anamalia

A 
Porifera
Cnidaria 
Annelida
Arthropoda
Mollusca
Chordata
Platyhelminthes
63
Q

Name all organisms that fall under Phylum Porferia

A

Sponges and other Sedentary Aquatic Organsims

64
Q

What is a characteristic of Fungi

A

Some can be bioluminescent

65
Q

What are the organisms in Phylum Cnadaria

A

Corals and Jellyfish

66
Q

What is the name of the stinging cell of a Cnidarian.

A

Cnydocite

67
Q

What are the organisms in Phylum Platyhelminthes

A

Planarians, Flatworms, Flukes, and Tapeworms

68
Q

What are the organisms in Phylum Annelida

A

Earthworms, Ragworms, and Leeches

69
Q

Name the three sub-groups of Phylum Arthopoda

A

Crustacea
Chelicerata
Tracheata

70
Q

Name the three groups in Phylum Mollusca

A

Gastropoda
Cephalopoda
Bilava

71
Q

Name the 5 characteristics of Phylum Cordata

A
  1. Post Anal Tail
  2. Dorsal Nerve Chord
  3. Endostyle
  4. Pharyngeal Slits
  5. Notochord
72
Q

Study of interaction between living organisms and the no living components of their ecosystem.

A

Ecology

73
Q

The part of Earth that contains all ecosystems

A

Biosphere

74
Q

Community and it’s non living surroundings

A

Ecosystem

75
Q

Group of organisms of one type that live in the same area

A

Population

76
Q

Individual living thing

A

Organism

77
Q

Tissues, Organs, and organ systems

A

Groups of cells

78
Q

The smallest function of life

A

Cell

79
Q

Groups of atoms

A

Molecules

80
Q

Living components

A

Biotic

81
Q

Non-living components

A

Abiotic

82
Q

The conditions in which an organism can survive

A

Range of Tolerance

83
Q

Process in which and organism can adjust their tolerance

A

Acclimation

84
Q

Change with the environment

A

Conformers

85
Q

Use energy to control internal conditions

A

Regulator

86
Q

Eats almost everything

A

Generalist

87
Q

Eats only one specific thing

A

Specialist

88
Q

The amount of energy an organism receives on each level

A

10%

89
Q

What are the 5 possible interactions

A 
Mutualism (++)
Commensalism(+, 0)
Parasitism(+,-)
Predation(+,-)
Competition(-,-)
90
Q

Number of species in a community

A

Richness

91
Q

Events that change and alter communities

A

Disturbances

92
Q

The Tendency of a community to maintain constant conditions

A

Stability

93
Q

Name the 4 aquatic ecosystems

A
  1. Oceans
  2. Estuaries
  3. Lakes, Ponds
  4. Rivers, Streams
94
Q

Sunlit, Active Photosynthesis. Where most commercial fishing takes place.

A

Neretic Zone

95
Q

Represents 90% of the ocean surface but only represents 10%

A

Euphotic Zone

96
Q

Semi-Darkness, no photosynthesis

A

Bathyal Zone

97
Q

Pitch dark and no photosynthesis

A

Abyssal Zone

98
Q

The four regions of a lake

A

Littoral
Limnetic
Profundal
Benthetic

(All in order)

99
Q

Same sequence before and after the mutation

A

Frame shift Mutation

100
Q

Codons are altered

A

Point Mutation

Exam Review (4 decks)

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