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Final Exams > Honors Biology > Flashcards

Honors Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three subatomic particles and what is their electric charge?

A

Proton - positive charge
Electron - negative charge
Neutron - Neutrally charge

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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining internal conditions

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3
Q

Hydrophobic vs Hydrophilic

A

Hydrophobic- not attracted to water
Hydrophilic- attracted to water

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4
Q

The law of biogenesis

A

All life comes from life

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5
Q

What are the three types of energy?

A

Kinetic energy, potential energy, radiant energy

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6
Q

What are the three great transcendentals?

A

Goodness, beauty, and truth

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7
Q

A paradigm is a way of seeing and doing something, true or false

A

True

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8
Q

Covalent bonds

A

A molecular bond where electrons are shared

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9
Q

Ionic bonds

A

A molecular Bond where atoms give and take electrons

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10
Q

What is the order of organizing life?

A

-Domain. (Did)
-Kingdom. (King)
-Phyla. (Philip)
-Classes. (Come)
-Orders. (Over)
-Familes. (For)
-Genus. (Good)
- Species (Soup)

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11
Q

What are five scientific characteristics of life?

A
  • Life reproduces
  • Life reacts to stimuli
  • Life maintains homeostasis
  • Life needs food and water
  • Life makes adaptions
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12
Q

What are the properties of water?

A
  • water is very dense (denser than ice)
  • water possesses amazing surface tension
  • water is known as the universal solvent because it is very good at dissolving things
  • water has a very high heat capacity (that means it’s very hard to change its temperature)
  • Water often in liquid form
  • water is very sticky
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13
Q

Give two examples of how the adhesive and cohesive properties of water allow for Life as we know it

A

-They allow for precipitation
-They allow for due on plant roots which help plants grow

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14
Q

What are the four groups of biomolecules?

A

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids

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15
Q

What three elements are found in every carbohydrate?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (cho)

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16
Q

Which three elements are found in every lipid?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (cho)

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17
Q

Which elements are found in proteins?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium (cho nss)

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18
Q

What elements are found in nucleic acids?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus (cho np)

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19
Q

What are the monomers of the polymer macromolecules?

A

Proteins- made of amino acids
Lipids - fatty acids and glycerol
Nucleic Acids- DNA and RNA made of nucleotides
Carbohydrate- monosaccharides (like glucose, fructose, and other sugars)

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20
Q

What is Lactose?

A

Dimer: found in milk

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21
Q

What is Starch?

A

Polymer; energy storage in plants

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22
Q

What is Sucrose?

A

Dimer: table sugar

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23
Q

What is Glucose?

A

Monomer: common fuel source for life

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24
Q

What is Fructose?

A

Monomer: very sweet, found in fruit

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25
Q

What is Cellulose?

A

Polymer; make structure of plant parts

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26
Q

What is Chitin?

A

Polymer; insect exoskeletons

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27
Q

What is Glycogen?

A

Polymer; energy storage in animals

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28
Q

What is Rubisco?

A

C Protein

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29
Q

What is an Enzyme?

A

Protein

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30
Q

What is Sugar?

A

Carbohydrate

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31
Q

What is DNA?

A

Nucleic acid

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32
Q

What is Triglyceride?

A

Lipid

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33
Q

What is RNA?

A

Nucleic acid

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34
Q

What is a Steroid?

A

Lipid

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35
Q

What is a Phospholipid?

A

Lipid

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36
Q

What is Rubisco?

A

Crucial enzyme for photosynthesis

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37
Q

What is Melanin?

A

Human skin pigment

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38
Q

What is Keratin?

A

Makes your hair, bird beaks, and more

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39
Q

What is Collagen?

A

Structural protein in meat

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40
Q

What is Myoglobin?

A

Carries oxygen in muscle

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41
Q

What is Hemoglobin?

A

Carries oxygen in blood

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42
Q

What is Albumin?

A

Egg-white protein, used in cooking

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43
Q

What organelle is responsible for ‘gate-keeping’ the cell?

A

Cell Membrane

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44
Q

What is the ‘powerhouse’ of the cell?

A

Mitochondria

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45
Q

Which organelle houses DNA?

A

Nucleus

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46
Q

What organelle is the protein production plant?

A

Ribosome

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47
Q

What rigid organelle is responsible for maintaining cellular shape?

A

Cell Wall

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48
Q

What organelle is the ‘food processor’ of the cell?

A

Lysosome

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49
Q

This organelle is essentially a membrane bubble filled with any number of important materials

A

Vesicle

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50
Q

This organelle is simply a network of membranes in the cell. It may or may not have ribosomes built into it

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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51
Q

These structures are useful for applying force to the environment from motion of either the cell or other objects

A

Cilia

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52
Q

This organelle is a whip-like tail used to move around

A

Flagella

53
Q

This is the protein packaging center of the cell

A

Golgi apparatus

54
Q

This organelle is only found in plants and plant-like microorganisms. It is the site of photosynthesis

A

Chloroplast

55
Q

What is the watery goo inside the cell where organelles float?

A

Cytoplasm

56
Q

Do plants have cell walls? Do you have cell walls?

A

Plants have cell walls.
Humans don’t have cell walls

57
Q

What are the three tenets of cell theory?

A
  • All cells are made of one or more cells
  • cells are the basic unit of life
  • All cells come from other cells
58
Q

What is a eukaryote cell?

A

More complicated than prokaryotes
These cells make up proteins, plants, fungi, animals, and people

59
Q

What is a prokaryote cell?

A

Less complicated than eukaryote cells
These cells are bacteria

60
Q

Autotroph

A

A creature able to make its own food

61
Q

Heterotroph

A

A creature that must eat other creatures

62
Q

What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration?

A

Reactants- glucose, oxygen
Products- energy, carbon dioxide, water

63
Q

What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?

A

Reactants- energy, carbon dioxide, water
Products- glucose, oxygen

64
Q

What is the function of the integumentary system?

A

Cover and protect the body

65
Q

What is the function of the reproductive system?

A

Make more bodies

66
Q

What is the function of the digestive system?

A

Break food into glucose and other things

67
Q

What is the function of the excretory system?

A

Remove unwanted cell metabolism waste

68
Q

What is the function of the muscular system?

A

Move the body and make heat

69
Q

What is the function of the skeletal system?

A

Produce blood and offer support

70
Q

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

A

Transport blood

71
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

Acquire oxygen for cell metabolism

72
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

Control the body

73
Q

What is the function of the immune system?

A

Defend the body

74
Q

What is the function of meristem tissue in plants?

A

This tissue allows plants to grow.

75
Q

What is the function of dermal tissue in plants?

A

This tissue covers plants.

76
Q

What is the function of muscular tissue?

A

This tissue works by contracting.

77
Q

What carries water in plants?

A

This carries water in plants.

78
Q

What includes parenchyma in plants?

A

This includes parenchyma in plants.

79
Q

What is fungal tissue?

A

This is fungal tissue.

80
Q

What covers animals?

A

This tissue covers animals.

81
Q

What is a mass of fungal tissue?

A

This is a mass of fungal tissue.

82
Q

What includes blood in humans?

A

This includes blood in humans.

83
Q

What allows communication in tissues?

A

This tissue allows communication.

84
Q

Cardiovascular

A

Transport blood

85
Q

Respiratory

A

Acquire oxygen for cell metabolism

86
Q

Skeletal

A

Produce blood and offer support

87
Q

Muscular

A

Move the body and make heat

88
Q

Nervous

A

Control the body

89
Q

Endocrine

A

Make hormones

90
Q

Immune

A

Defend the body

91
Q

Reproductive

A

Make more bodies

92
Q

Digestive

A

Break food into glucose and other things

93
Q

Excretory

A

Remove unwanted cell metabolism waste

94
Q

Integumentary

A

Cover and protect the body

95
Q

Stomach

A

This tube goes from mouth to stomach

96
Q

Pancreas

A

Makes the enzymes needed for digestion

97
Q

Small intestine

A

Absorbs most of food’s nutrients

98
Q

Large intestine

A

Removes water from feces before ‘going’

99
Q

Esophagus

A

Tube, goes from mouth to stomach

100
Q

Anus

A

The back door, exit only

101
Q

Pharynx

A

Rear of mouth: food and air both go here

102
Q

Testis

A

Male primary sex organ

103
Q

Ovaries

A

Female primary sex organ

104
Q

Vagina

A

The penis goes here during sex

105
Q

Penis

A

This tube is used for only urine in females

106
Q

Vas deferens

A

This tube carries sperm inside a male

107
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

This tube carries eggs in a female

108
Q

Uterus

A

This is where babies grow inside mom

109
Q

Urethra

A

Enables sperm to be put into a vagina

110
Q

Lungs

A

Organs where gases are exchanged

111
Q

Alveoli

A

The building blocks of lungs

112
Q

Trachea

A

This is your windpipe

113
Q

Bronchi

A

These tubes split into bronchioles

114
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box

115
Q

Diaphragm

A

This is a muscle, but it helps you breathe

116
Q

What is a red blood cell?

A

A cell that carries oxygen.

117
Q

What is a white blood cell?

A

These kill invaders and keep you safe.

118
Q

What is an artery?

A

This carries blood away from the heart.

119
Q

What is a vein?

A

This carries blood to the heart.

120
Q

What is a capillary?

A

Gas (O2, CO2) gets exchanged here.

121
Q

What is plasma?

A

The liquid part of blood.

122
Q

What are platelets?

A

These help blood clot if you are cut.

123
Q

What is the heart?

A

It’s a fancy, living pump.

124
Q

What is a genotype? What is a phenotype?

A

Genotype- genes behind the scenes
Phenotype- what you can see

125
Q

What are the three subfields of genetics?

A

Classic genetics
Molecular genetics
Population genetics

126
Q

What are Mendel’s postulates?

A

-Unit Factors come in pairs
- Dominance/ Recessive
- Segregation

127
Q

What is mitosis?

A

The process by which the cell makes more cells, nuclear division ( of a cell, not atom)

128
Q

What do DNA mRNA and tRNA stand for and what do they do?

A

DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid, blueprint of our body
mRNA - messenger ribonucleic acid, is copied by RNA polymerase, edited by enzymes, and then is ready by ribosomes
tRNA- transfer ribonucleic acid, fit into mRNAs and transfers the “info” to amino acids

129
Q

What are the forming enzymes that govern DNA replication?

A

Dna helicase- “unzips” DNA helix
Gyrase- relieves tension
Primase- tells DNA polymerase where to start copying
Polymerase- copies DNA and proofreads its work
Ligase- binds the loose ends of a DNA together

Final Exams (6 decks)

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