Honors Biology Flashcards by Kaitlyn C

What are the three subatomic particles and what is their electric charge?

Proton - positive charge
Electron - negative charge
Neutron - Neutrally charge

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Homeostasis

Maintaining internal conditions

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Hydrophobic vs Hydrophilic

Hydrophobic- not attracted to water
Hydrophilic- attracted to water

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The law of biogenesis

All life comes from life

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What are the three types of energy?

Kinetic energy, potential energy, radiant energy

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What are the three great transcendentals?

Goodness, beauty, and truth

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A paradigm is a way of seeing and doing something, true or false

True

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Covalent bonds

A molecular bond where electrons are shared

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Ionic bonds

A molecular Bond where atoms give and take electrons

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What is the order of organizing life?

-Domain. (Did)
-Kingdom. (King)
-Phyla. (Philip)
-Classes. (Come)
-Orders. (Over)
-Familes. (For)
-Genus. (Good)
- Species (Soup)

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What are five scientific characteristics of life?

Life reproduces
Life reacts to stimuli
Life maintains homeostasis
Life needs food and water
Life makes adaptions

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What are the properties of water?

water is very dense (denser than ice)
water possesses amazing surface tension
water is known as the universal solvent because it is very good at dissolving things
water has a very high heat capacity (that means it’s very hard to change its temperature)
Water often in liquid form
water is very sticky

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Give two examples of how the adhesive and cohesive properties of water allow for Life as we know it

-They allow for precipitation
-They allow for due on plant roots which help plants grow

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What are the four groups of biomolecules?

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids

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What three elements are found in every carbohydrate?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (cho)

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Which three elements are found in every lipid?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (cho)

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Which elements are found in proteins?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium (cho nss)

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What elements are found in nucleic acids?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus (cho np)

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What are the monomers of the polymer macromolecules?

Proteins- made of amino acids
Lipids - fatty acids and glycerol
Nucleic Acids- DNA and RNA made of nucleotides
Carbohydrate- monosaccharides (like glucose, fructose, and other sugars)

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What is Lactose?

Dimer: found in milk

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What is Starch?

Polymer; energy storage in plants

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What is Sucrose?

Dimer: table sugar

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What is Glucose?

Monomer: common fuel source for life

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What is Fructose?

Monomer: very sweet, found in fruit

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What is Cellulose?

Polymer; make structure of plant parts

What is Chitin?

Polymer; insect exoskeletons

What is Glycogen?

Polymer; energy storage in animals

What is Rubisco?

C Protein

What is an Enzyme?

Protein

What is Sugar?

Carbohydrate

What is DNA?

Nucleic acid

What is Triglyceride?

Lipid

What is RNA?

Nucleic acid

What is a Steroid?

Lipid

What is a Phospholipid?

Lipid

What is Rubisco?

Crucial enzyme for photosynthesis

What is Melanin?

Human skin pigment

What is Keratin?

Makes your hair, bird beaks, and more

What is Collagen?

Structural protein in meat

What is Myoglobin?

Carries oxygen in muscle

What is Hemoglobin?

Carries oxygen in blood

What is Albumin?

Egg-white protein, used in cooking

What organelle is responsible for 'gate-keeping' the cell?

Cell Membrane

What is the 'powerhouse' of the cell?

Mitochondria

Which organelle houses DNA?

Nucleus

What organelle is the protein production plant?

Ribosome

What rigid organelle is responsible for maintaining cellular shape?

Cell Wall

What organelle is the 'food processor' of the cell?

Lysosome

This organelle is essentially a membrane bubble filled with any number of important materials

Vesicle

This organelle is simply a network of membranes in the cell. It may or may not have ribosomes built into it

Endoplasmic reticulum

These structures are useful for applying force to the environment from motion of either the cell or other objects

Cilia

This organelle is a whip-like tail used to move around

Flagella

This is the protein packaging center of the cell

Golgi apparatus

This organelle is only found in plants and plant-like microorganisms. It is the site of photosynthesis

Chloroplast

What is the watery goo inside the cell where organelles float?

Cytoplasm

Do plants have cell walls? Do you have cell walls?

Plants have cell walls. Humans don't have cell walls

What are the three tenets of cell theory?

- All cells are made of one or more cells - cells are the basic unit of life - All cells come from other cells

What is a eukaryote cell?

More complicated than prokaryotes These cells make up proteins, plants, fungi, animals, and people

What is a prokaryote cell?

Less complicated than eukaryote cells These cells are bacteria

Autotroph

A creature able to make its own food

Heterotroph

A creature that must eat other creatures

What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration?

Reactants- glucose, oxygen Products- energy, carbon dioxide, water

What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?

Reactants- energy, carbon dioxide, water Products- glucose, oxygen

What is the function of the integumentary system?

Cover and protect the body

What is the function of the reproductive system?

Make more bodies

What is the function of the digestive system?

Break food into glucose and other things

What is the function of the excretory system?

Remove unwanted cell metabolism waste

What is the function of the muscular system?

Move the body and make heat

What is the function of the skeletal system?

Produce blood and offer support

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

Transport blood

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Acquire oxygen for cell metabolism

What is the function of the nervous system?

Control the body

What is the function of the immune system?

Defend the body

What is the function of meristem tissue in plants?

This tissue allows plants to grow.

What is the function of dermal tissue in plants?

This tissue covers plants.

What is the function of muscular tissue?

This tissue works by contracting.

What carries water in plants?

This carries water in plants.

What includes parenchyma in plants?

This includes parenchyma in plants.

What is fungal tissue?

This is fungal tissue.

What covers animals?

This tissue covers animals.

What is a mass of fungal tissue?

This is a mass of fungal tissue.

What includes blood in humans?

This includes blood in humans.

What allows communication in tissues?

This tissue allows communication.

Cardiovascular

Transport blood

Respiratory

Acquire oxygen for cell metabolism

Skeletal

Produce blood and offer support

Muscular

Move the body and make heat

Nervous

Control the body

Endocrine

Make hormones

Immune

Defend the body

Reproductive

Make more bodies

Digestive

Break food into glucose and other things

Excretory

Remove unwanted cell metabolism waste

Integumentary

Cover and protect the body

Stomach

This tube goes from mouth to stomach

Pancreas

Makes the enzymes needed for digestion

Small intestine

Absorbs most of food's nutrients

Large intestine

Removes water from feces before 'going'

Esophagus

Tube, goes from mouth to stomach

Anus

The back door, exit only

Pharynx

Rear of mouth: food and air both go here

Testis

Male primary sex organ

Ovaries

Female primary sex organ

Vagina

The penis goes here during sex

Penis

This tube is used for only urine in females

Vas deferens

This tube carries sperm inside a male

Fallopian tubes

This tube carries eggs in a female

Uterus

This is where babies grow inside mom

Urethra

Enables sperm to be put into a vagina

Lungs

Organs where gases are exchanged

Alveoli

The building blocks of lungs

Trachea

This is your windpipe

Bronchi

These tubes split into bronchioles

Larynx

Voice box

Diaphragm

This is a muscle, but it helps you breathe

What is a red blood cell?

A cell that carries oxygen.

What is a white blood cell?

These kill invaders and keep you safe.

What is an artery?

This carries blood away from the heart.

What is a vein?

This carries blood to the heart.

What is a capillary?

Gas (O2, CO2) gets exchanged here.

What is plasma?

The liquid part of blood.

What are platelets?

These help blood clot if you are cut.

What is the heart?

It's a fancy, living pump.

What is a genotype? What is a phenotype?

Genotype- genes behind the scenes Phenotype- what you can see

What are the three subfields of genetics?

Classic genetics Molecular genetics Population genetics

What are Mendel's postulates?

-Unit Factors come in pairs - Dominance/ Recessive - Segregation

What is mitosis?

The process by which the cell makes more cells, nuclear division ( of a cell, not atom)

What do DNA mRNA and tRNA stand for and what do they do?

DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid, blueprint of our body mRNA - messenger ribonucleic acid, is copied by RNA polymerase, edited by enzymes, and then is ready by ribosomes tRNA- transfer ribonucleic acid, fit into mRNAs and transfers the "info" to amino acids

What are the forming enzymes that govern DNA replication?

Dna helicase- "unzips" DNA helix Gyrase- relieves tension Primase- tells DNA polymerase where to start copying Polymerase- copies DNA and proofreads its work Ligase- binds the loose ends of a DNA together

Honors Biology Flashcards

(129 cards)