Honors Biology Flashcards

(129 cards)

1
Q

What are the three subatomic particles and what is their electric charge?

A

Proton - positive charge
Electron - negative charge
Neutron - Neutrally charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining internal conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hydrophobic vs Hydrophilic

A

Hydrophobic- not attracted to water
Hydrophilic- attracted to water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The law of biogenesis

A

All life comes from life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three types of energy?

A

Kinetic energy, potential energy, radiant energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three great transcendentals?

A

Goodness, beauty, and truth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A paradigm is a way of seeing and doing something, true or false

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Covalent bonds

A

A molecular bond where electrons are shared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ionic bonds

A

A molecular Bond where atoms give and take electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the order of organizing life?

A

-Domain. (Did)
-Kingdom. (King)
-Phyla. (Philip)
-Classes. (Come)
-Orders. (Over)
-Familes. (For)
-Genus. (Good)
- Species (Soup)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are five scientific characteristics of life?

A
  • Life reproduces
  • Life reacts to stimuli
  • Life maintains homeostasis
  • Life needs food and water
  • Life makes adaptions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the properties of water?

A
  • water is very dense (denser than ice)
  • water possesses amazing surface tension
  • water is known as the universal solvent because it is very good at dissolving things
  • water has a very high heat capacity (that means it’s very hard to change its temperature)
  • Water often in liquid form
  • water is very sticky
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give two examples of how the adhesive and cohesive properties of water allow for Life as we know it

A

-They allow for precipitation
-They allow for due on plant roots which help plants grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the four groups of biomolecules?

A

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What three elements are found in every carbohydrate?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (cho)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which three elements are found in every lipid?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (cho)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which elements are found in proteins?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium (cho nss)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What elements are found in nucleic acids?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus (cho np)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the monomers of the polymer macromolecules?

A

Proteins- made of amino acids
Lipids - fatty acids and glycerol
Nucleic Acids- DNA and RNA made of nucleotides
Carbohydrate- monosaccharides (like glucose, fructose, and other sugars)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Lactose?

A

Dimer: found in milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Starch?

A

Polymer; energy storage in plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Sucrose?

A

Dimer: table sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Glucose?

A

Monomer: common fuel source for life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Fructose?

A

Monomer: very sweet, found in fruit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is Cellulose?
Polymer; make structure of plant parts
26
What is Chitin?
Polymer; insect exoskeletons
27
What is Glycogen?
Polymer; energy storage in animals
28
What is Rubisco?
C Protein
29
What is an Enzyme?
Protein
30
What is Sugar?
Carbohydrate
31
What is DNA?
Nucleic acid
32
What is Triglyceride?
Lipid
33
What is RNA?
Nucleic acid
34
What is a Steroid?
Lipid
35
What is a Phospholipid?
Lipid
36
What is Rubisco?
Crucial enzyme for photosynthesis
37
What is Melanin?
Human skin pigment
38
What is Keratin?
Makes your hair, bird beaks, and more
39
What is Collagen?
Structural protein in meat
40
What is Myoglobin?
Carries oxygen in muscle
41
What is Hemoglobin?
Carries oxygen in blood
42
What is Albumin?
Egg-white protein, used in cooking
43
What organelle is responsible for 'gate-keeping' the cell?
Cell Membrane
44
What is the 'powerhouse' of the cell?
Mitochondria
45
Which organelle houses DNA?
Nucleus
46
What organelle is the protein production plant?
Ribosome
47
What rigid organelle is responsible for maintaining cellular shape?
Cell Wall
48
What organelle is the 'food processor' of the cell?
Lysosome
49
This organelle is essentially a membrane bubble filled with any number of important materials
Vesicle
50
This organelle is simply a network of membranes in the cell. It may or may not have ribosomes built into it
Endoplasmic reticulum
51
These structures are useful for applying force to the environment from motion of either the cell or other objects
Cilia
52
This organelle is a whip-like tail used to move around
Flagella
53
This is the protein packaging center of the cell
Golgi apparatus
54
This organelle is only found in plants and plant-like microorganisms. It is the site of photosynthesis
Chloroplast
55
What is the watery goo inside the cell where organelles float?
Cytoplasm
56
Do plants have cell walls? Do you have cell walls?
Plants have cell walls. Humans don't have cell walls
57
What are the three tenets of cell theory?
- All cells are made of one or more cells - cells are the basic unit of life - All cells come from other cells
58
What is a eukaryote cell?
More complicated than prokaryotes These cells make up proteins, plants, fungi, animals, and people
59
What is a prokaryote cell?
Less complicated than eukaryote cells These cells are bacteria
60
Autotroph
A creature able to make its own food
61
Heterotroph
A creature that must eat other creatures
62
What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration?
Reactants- glucose, oxygen Products- energy, carbon dioxide, water
63
What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?
Reactants- energy, carbon dioxide, water Products- glucose, oxygen
64
What is the function of the integumentary system?
Cover and protect the body
65
What is the function of the reproductive system?
Make more bodies
66
What is the function of the digestive system?
Break food into glucose and other things
67
What is the function of the excretory system?
Remove unwanted cell metabolism waste
68
What is the function of the muscular system?
Move the body and make heat
69
What is the function of the skeletal system?
Produce blood and offer support
70
What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
Transport blood
71
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Acquire oxygen for cell metabolism
72
What is the function of the nervous system?
Control the body
73
What is the function of the immune system?
Defend the body
74
What is the function of meristem tissue in plants?
This tissue allows plants to grow.
75
What is the function of dermal tissue in plants?
This tissue covers plants.
76
What is the function of muscular tissue?
This tissue works by contracting.
77
What carries water in plants?
This carries water in plants.
78
What includes parenchyma in plants?
This includes parenchyma in plants.
79
What is fungal tissue?
This is fungal tissue.
80
What covers animals?
This tissue covers animals.
81
What is a mass of fungal tissue?
This is a mass of fungal tissue.
82
What includes blood in humans?
This includes blood in humans.
83
What allows communication in tissues?
This tissue allows communication.
84
Cardiovascular
Transport blood
85
Respiratory
Acquire oxygen for cell metabolism
86
Skeletal
Produce blood and offer support
87
Muscular
Move the body and make heat
88
Nervous
Control the body
89
Endocrine
Make hormones
90
Immune
Defend the body
91
Reproductive
Make more bodies
92
Digestive
Break food into glucose and other things
93
Excretory
Remove unwanted cell metabolism waste
94
Integumentary
Cover and protect the body
95
Stomach
This tube goes from mouth to stomach
96
Pancreas
Makes the enzymes needed for digestion
97
Small intestine
Absorbs most of food's nutrients
98
Large intestine
Removes water from feces before 'going'
99
Esophagus
Tube, goes from mouth to stomach
100
Anus
The back door, exit only
101
Pharynx
Rear of mouth: food and air both go here
102
Testis
Male primary sex organ
103
Ovaries
Female primary sex organ
104
Vagina
The penis goes here during sex
105
Penis
This tube is used for only urine in females
106
Vas deferens
This tube carries sperm inside a male
107
Fallopian tubes
This tube carries eggs in a female
108
Uterus
This is where babies grow inside mom
109
Urethra
Enables sperm to be put into a vagina
110
Lungs
Organs where gases are exchanged
111
Alveoli
The building blocks of lungs
112
Trachea
This is your windpipe
113
Bronchi
These tubes split into bronchioles
114
Larynx
Voice box
115
Diaphragm
This is a muscle, but it helps you breathe
116
What is a red blood cell?
A cell that carries oxygen.
117
What is a white blood cell?
These kill invaders and keep you safe.
118
What is an artery?
This carries blood away from the heart.
119
What is a vein?
This carries blood to the heart.
120
What is a capillary?
Gas (O2, CO2) gets exchanged here.
121
What is plasma?
The liquid part of blood.
122
What are platelets?
These help blood clot if you are cut.
123
What is the heart?
It's a fancy, living pump.
124
What is a genotype? What is a phenotype?
Genotype- genes behind the scenes Phenotype- what you can see
125
What are the three subfields of genetics?
Classic genetics Molecular genetics Population genetics
126
What are Mendel's postulates?
-Unit Factors come in pairs - Dominance/ Recessive - Segregation
127
What is mitosis?
The process by which the cell makes more cells, nuclear division ( of a cell, not atom)
128
What do DNA mRNA and tRNA stand for and what do they do?
DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid, blueprint of our body mRNA - messenger ribonucleic acid, is copied by RNA polymerase, edited by enzymes, and then is ready by ribosomes tRNA- transfer ribonucleic acid, fit into mRNAs and transfers the "info" to amino acids
129
What are the forming enzymes that govern DNA replication?
Dna helicase- "unzips" DNA helix Gyrase- relieves tension Primase- tells DNA polymerase where to start copying Polymerase- copies DNA and proofreads its work Ligase- binds the loose ends of a DNA together