Honors bio test #1

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

What are the building blocks (monomers) of DNA?

Answer 2

Nucleotides

Question 3

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 3

Phosphate group
5-carbon sugar
Nitrogen base

Question 4

What are the 4 nitrogen bases present in DNA?

Answer 4

Adenine, Gunanine, Thymine, Cytosine

Question 5

What are purines? How many rings do they have?

Answer 5

Purines- double rings, Adenine and Guanine

Question 6

What are pyrimidines? How many rings do they have?

Answer 6

Pyrimidines- Single rings, Thymine and Cytosine

Question 7

What is the universal start codon and what amino acid does it code for

Answer 7

AUG, Methionine

Question 8

What are the universal stop codons

Answer 8

UGA, UAA, UAG

Question 9

DNA tells what to go deliver information

Answer 9

RNA

Question 10

DNA CANT leave the nucleus
(True or False)

Answer 10

True

Question 11

A=
G=
T=
C=

Answer 11

=U
=C
=A
=G

Question 12

DNA backbone made of?

Answer 12

Deoxyribose, and phosphate groups

Question 13

What Enzyme unzips and zips the 2 strands of DNA?

Answer 13

Unzips- DNA helicase
Zips- DNA polymerase

Question 14

Exons is?

Answer 14

a region of the genome that ends up within an mRNA molecule

Question 15

Introns are?

Answer 15

a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule which does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes.

Question 16

4 Differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 16

-DNA cant leave the nucleus and RNA can
-DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded
-Sugar in DNA is deoxyribose and the sugar in RNA is ribose
-DNA’s bases are Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine when RNA’s bases are Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine, and Adenine

Question 17

What enzyme is responsible for transcription?

Answer 17

RNA polymerase

Question 18

Mutation means?

Answer 18

A change in the structure of the genes or chromosomes of an organism

Question 19

Transcription takes place where?

Answer 19

In the cytoplasm

Question 20

What are the 3 examples of Gene(Point) mutations?

Answer 20

Substitution
Insertion
Deletion

Question 21

The double helix structure of DNA was discovered by 4 scientists - what are their names and what was the year?

Answer 21

Francis Crick, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins

1953

Question 22

One of the reasons DNA is unique is?

Answer 22

Because it can copy itself exactly

Question 23

What are the 3 types of RNA

Answer 23

mRNA (Messenger RNA)
tRNA (Transfer RNA)
rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)

Question 24

Mutations that produce changes in a single gene are called ____ Where to Mutations that produce changes in whole chromosomes are known as _____

Answer 24

Point mutations, Chromosomal mutations

Question 25

What are the 4 examples of chromosomal mutations

Answer 25

deletion- DNA molecule is not copied during DNA replication duplication- in which one or more copies of a DNA segment inversion- a section of DNA breaks away from a chromosome translocation-chromosome structure and content caused by translocation

Question 26

What holds DNA molecules together?

Answer 26

Hydrogen bonds between the base portions of the nucleotides

Question 27

Name the complementary strands of a DNA molecule.

Answer 27

Adenine(A) always paired with Thymine(T) Cytosine(C) always paired with Guanine(G)

Question 28

In what way(s), if any, do most mutations change organisms?

Answer 28

Mutations create new alleles

Question 29

The nitrogen bases are always connected to the? (Sugar or Phosphate)

Answer 29

Sugar

Question 30

How does mRNA move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell?

Answer 30

through pores in the nuclear membrane