Evolution review Flashcards
Define mutation
A heritable change in the DNA sequence
Define genetic recombination
Gene shuffling in prophase 1 of meiosis
Explain lateral gene transfer
Genes pass form one individual to another individual that isn’t a parent or offspring. This gene flow is common in bacteria.
Define single gene trait
Trait that is controlled by only one gene
Polygenetic traits
“Poly” meaning many… Trait that is controlled by 2+ genes
What’s radioactive dating?
A method of dating rocks and minerals using radioactive isotopes.
What’s a transitional fossil?
Fossils that document various intermediate stages in evolution of modern species.
What % of all organisms ever are extinct?
99%
Define vestigial organs
Inherited from ancestors, but have lost much of their original size and function.
Why do we still have vestigial organs?
Because it doesn’t affect an organisms fitness.
Define biogeography
The study of where organisms live now and where they and their ancestors lived in the past.
Define convergent evolution
Different continents, different ancestors, organisms end up developing common traits excuse of the environment
Define divergent evolution
When 2 or more related species become more dissimilar over time.
Who developed the theory of evolution?
Charles Robert Darwin
What did James Hutton introduce?
Deep time
