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Honey Bee Biology > Honey Bee Morphology > Flashcards

Honey Bee Morphology Flashcards

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1
Q

What functions do the exoskeleton serve?

A
  • protection
  • prevent dehydration
  • attachment of organs
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2
Q

What are the ocelli on honey bees? What do they do, and how many are there?

A

Ocelli are simple eyes, honey bees have three of them that detect light intensity and help with orientation during flight

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3
Q

Explain the compound eyes of honey bees

A

Also called ommatidia, they are thousands of single eyes with a fixed lens all looking in a different direction (because they cannot move their eyes). They use them to see colours, and form a composed, mosaic image

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4
Q

What colours can honey bees see?

A
  • UV
  • Orange
  • Yellow
  • Green
  • Blue
  • Violet
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5
Q

What colour can honey bees NOT see?

A

Red

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6
Q

What is the function of the antennae?

A

Acts as the nose to detect odours, but also CO2, humidity, flavours, temperature, and air flow

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7
Q

What is the structure of the antennae?

A

Composed of 12 segments, has sense organs called sensilla on plates, pits, and hairs

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8
Q

How does mandible function differ between honey bee castes?

A

Drones: not much function
Workers: grooming, cutting and shaping wax scales
Queens: fighting with other queens

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9
Q

What are the different segments of the thorax?

A

Prothorax - closest to head
Mesothorax - middle
Metathorax - closer to abomen
Propodeum - end of body

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10
Q

Where are the wings and legs attached to honey bees?

A

The mesothorax and metathorax

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11
Q

What is a special feature on the forelegs of honey bees?

A

A leg notch with bristles for cleaning antennae

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12
Q

What is a special feature on the hind legs of honey bees?

A

A pollen basket, where they comb themselves of pollen, moisten the grains into a paste, place into basket, and bring back to the hive

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13
Q

How does pollen end up on honey bees?

A

When foraging they brush the anthers of flowers, and the negatively charged pollen attaches to positively charged hairs on the honey bee

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14
Q

True or false: honey bee blood, haemolymph, is red

A

False
Haemolymph lacks RBCs, and is transparent. Haemolymph is the defense cells of bees for immune function

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15
Q

How fast can honey bees fly?

A

Up to 24km/hr, beating their wings 200 times per second

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16
Q

How many segments make up the abdomen of honey bees?

A

7 segments

17
Q

What structures are held in the abdomen?

A
  • most of digestive tract
  • circulatory system
  • respiratory system
18
Q

How do bees get oxygen if they don’t use RBCs or haemolymph to transport it?

A

Spiracles on the bee’s body take in air, air sacs store air, and thousands of trachea branch out from the air sacs throughout the body

19
Q

What is the circulatory system of honey bees classified as?

A

Semi-open, because the heart and aorta are fused

20
Q

True or false: honey bees won’t fly at temperatures below 13 degrees C

A

True

21
Q

What is the structure of the honey bee defense system?

A

The stinger consists of the stylet, lancets on either side that are barbed, a poison sac and a poison canal

22
Q

How do bees make beeswax?

A

They have wax glands on abdomen, located between the 4th and 7th segments. The glands secrete a liquid that hardens into scales. The bees can hold the scales with their legs and shape them with their mandibles.

23
Q

What is the function of the Nosonov glands in honey bees?

A
  • orients bees towards hive entrance, flowers, swarm clusters
  • scents differ between colonies
24
Q

What do the mandibular glands produce in young worker bees?

A

Lipid for larval food
(10-hydroxi-2-decenoic acid)

25
Q

What do the mandibular glands of older worker bees produce?

A

Alarm pheromone
(2-heptanone)

26
Q

What do the mandibular glands of queen bees produce?

A

Queen substance

27
Q

What are the different functions of queen substance?

A
  • colony recognition
  • attraction of drones
  • stimulates foraging
  • inhibits queen rearing, swarming, and worker egg laying
28
Q

True or false: alarm pheromone in guard bees contains IPA

A

True

29
Q

What is the function of the Arnhart glands found on bees legs?

A

Acts as a footprint substance to guide other workers

30
Q

What is the function of the salivary glands and head glands?

A
  • produce saliva that dissolves sugars in nectar and softens pollen grains
  • produce royal jelly for feeding larvae
31
Q

The enzyme ________ breaks the bond between ___________ and _________ in nectar to produce honey.

A

Invertase
Fructose
Glucose

32
Q

What nutritional components is royal jelly rich in?

A
  • protein
  • lipids
  • vitamins
33
Q

Queen bees can lay up to _____ eggs per day, and more than _________ in their lifetime.

A

2000
a million

34
Q

The queen has an organ called the _________ that can store 5-9 million sperm cells.

A

Spermatheca

Honey Bee Biology (6 decks)

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