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South Caroline Master Beekeeper Program Study Guide > Honey Bee Biology And Behavior > Flashcards

Honey Bee Biology And Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Apis Mellifera

A

Scientific name for the western honey bee

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2
Q

What is the apis cerana?

A

The scientific name for the Eastern honey bee

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3
Q

What kingdom is the Honey Bee in?

A

Animalia

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4
Q

What phylum are Honey Bees in?

A

Arthopoda (exoskeleton and jointed legs)

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5
Q

What class are Honey Bees?

A

Insecta (insects which have 3 body segments, 6 legs and wings)

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6
Q

What order are honey bees in?

A

Hymenoptera ( related to ants, bees, and wasps which have membrane-like wings)

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7
Q

What family are honey bees in

A

apidae (true bees with branched hairs and eat pollen

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8
Q

What genus is honey bees in?

A

Apis ( Bees maintain colonies that live year to year (perennial), build wax comb to raise brood and store food, has 9 species worldwide

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9
Q

Greek meaning of Mel

A

Honey

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10
Q

Greek meaning of fera

A

Bearing

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11
Q

What is the honey bees closest relative?

A

Apis Cerana- Eastern Honey Bee

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12
Q

What is Apis Cerena?

A

Eastern Honey Bee

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13
Q

What is Flower Fidelity?

A

A bee visits only one kind of flower on a given foraging trip. They focus on most productive and abundant flowers.

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14
Q

How are Honey Bees important to the ecosystem?

A

They are critical pollinators. Capable of pollinating many flowering plants.

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15
Q

What are three honey bee products most important to early civilizations?

A

Honey (main sweetener), mead (honey based alcohol was ceremonial), bees wax (candles provided light indoors)

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16
Q

Honey Bees provide over $________billion in crop value to Us Agriculture and over $_______billion worldwide

A

15, 200

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17
Q

How many body segments do bees have? What are they?

A
  1. Head, thorax, abdomen
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18
Q

What is Ocelli?

A

The 3 primitive eyes that bees have on the top of their head. They sense daily and seasonal rhythms. Lights on vs. lights off.

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19
Q

How many compound eyes do bees have?

A

2 and they can see 360 degrees

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20
Q

How many ocelli do bees have

A

3

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21
Q

How many antenna do bees have?

A

2

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22
Q

What do bees use their antennas for?

A

Smell, touch, vibrations
To find food, communicate with nest mates, measure distances and determine air speed.

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23
Q

Which bee eyes see color and movement?

A

Compound

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24
Q

What light can bee see and humans can’t?

A

Ultraviolet light

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25
Q

What do bees use to chew solids like wax, pollen, and wood?

A

Mandibles

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26
Q

What are mandibles?

A

Scissors objects on bees head used to chew up solids

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27
Q

What is Proboscis?

A

Flexible tongue and straw to suck fluids. It’s retractable when not used

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28
Q

Emits venom which is used to defend the colony

A

Stinger

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29
Q

What gland Produces the material used to build honey comb

A

Wax gland

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30
Q

Senses color, contracts, and movement.

A

Compound eyes

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31
Q

Part of hind leg used to carry pollen or tree resin back to hive

A

Pollen basket (corbicula)

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32
Q

What is corbicula?

A

Pollen basket on hind legs

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33
Q

Used to sense vibrations, wind speed, small, and measure spaces

A

Antenna

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34
Q

Senses light intensity, used in daily and seasonal rhythms

A

Ocelli

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35
Q

What gland Aids in digestion (dissolve sugars, softening wax, add enzymes to honey

A

Salivary glands

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36
Q

What gland Produces brood food secretions fed to larvae

A

Hypopharyngeal glands

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37
Q

Gland: In workers it produces royal jelly and produces alarm pheromone in queen it also produces Queen Mandibular Pheromone QMP

A

Mandibular glands

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38
Q

How many wings do bees have

A

4

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39
Q

On the back emits pheromone into air to attract nest mates smell like lemon grass. Workers lift abdomen and fan wings to spread

A

Nasonov gland

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40
Q

Smallest and most numerous of colony. Makes up 90-95%

A

Workers

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41
Q

What gland do workers use to convert nectar into honey

A

Salivary glands with inverters

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42
Q

Days in egg for worker bee

A

3

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43
Q

Days in egg for drone?

A

3

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44
Q

Days in egg for queen

A

3

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45
Q

Amount of time a worker is a larva

A

6

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46
Q

Amount of time a drone is a larva

A

6.5

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47
Q

Amount of time a queen is a larva

A

5.5

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48
Q

Amount of time worker is a pupa

A

12

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49
Q

Amount of time a drone is a pupa

A

14.5

50
Q

Amount of time a queen is a pupa

A

7.5

51
Q

How many days does it take to worker to hatch

A

21

52
Q

How many days does it take a drone to hatch

A

24

53
Q

How many days does it take a queen to hatch

A

16

54
Q

What day is a a worker cell capped

A

9

55
Q

What day is a drone cell capped

A

10

56
Q

What day is a queen capped

A

8

57
Q

All stages of development is considered what

A

Brood

58
Q

Who produces wax and builds comb

A

Worker

59
Q

Who produces sperm

A

Drone

60
Q

Who feeds brood

A

Worker

61
Q

Who defends colony

A

Worker

62
Q

Who cleans comb and inside of hive

A

Worker

63
Q

Who lays eggs

A

Queen

64
Q

Who forages for resources

A

Worker

65
Q

Who produces royal jelly

A

Worker

66
Q

Who produces pheromones that regulate worker development and swarming

A

Queen

67
Q

Who removes dead bees and diseased larva from hive

A

Workers

68
Q

Who regulates temperature of hive

A

Wokers

69
Q

Who converts nectar into honey

A

Workers

70
Q

What is propolis

A

It’s collected from an array of plants and used to seal gaps less then 1/4th an inch. Also can encapsulate foreign debris and it is an antiseptic

71
Q

What is put in spaces greater then 3/8th inch

A

Comb

72
Q

What approximate temperature is the brood agree of a hive

A

93degrees

73
Q

How do bees keep brood warm when it is cool outside

A

Clustering. Getting together and vibrate their muscles

74
Q

How do bees cool the hive

A

Evaporate water, . Fanning wings. Bearding- going outside and hanging out

75
Q

What is bee bread

A

Slightly fermented pollen. Gives them proteins, fats, and vitamins

76
Q

What food supplies carbohydrates and energy needed to heat hive

A

Nectar and honey stores

77
Q

How does a forager tell others a location

A

Vigor and length of waggle run

78
Q

How old do workers produce brood food

A

5 days

79
Q

How old are workers when they become foragers

A

18-21 days

80
Q

Colonies reproduce by________

A

Swarming

81
Q

Workers replace failing or lost queen by a process called

A

Supersedure

82
Q

T or F swarm cells develop along edge of the comb and suspersedure cells cells develop in the middle of brood area

A

True

83
Q

Qmp does what

A

Suppresses ovary development of workers and drives nurse bees to develop into foragers

84
Q

Alarm pheromone does what

A

Recruits workers to defend colony and marks predators as a target for defense

85
Q

Brood pheromone does what

A

Stimulates foraging, stimulates hypopharyngeal glands in workers, suppresses ovary development in workers

86
Q

Nasonov pheromone does what

A

Causes workers to gather aggregate to find hive

87
Q

Larva passes through ___ molts

A

5

88
Q

Workers get capped after __ molts

A

4

89
Q

What’s the colony’s most valuable resource?

A

Drawn comb

90
Q

Part of hive that Is used to raise brood, store food, control temperature

A

Drawn comb

91
Q

To build and maintain the nest honey bees must collect (4)

A

Water, propolis, nectar, pollen

92
Q

Bee’s use what to dissolve honey and cool their hive

A

Water

93
Q

Where do bees typically nest?

A

Elevated tree cavities with narrow entrances

94
Q

What is bee space?

A

Bees maintain spaces between combs. Gaps smaller than 1/4” are filled with propolis. Gaps larger then 3/8th inch are filled with wax comb

95
Q

Worker bees keep brood area close to ____ degrees for optimal development

A

93

96
Q

How do bees heat the hive

A

They cluster and vibrate their flight muscles over the brood

97
Q

How do bees cool their hive

A

Collecting water and fanning ventilating the hive and bearding.

98
Q

What is bearding

A

They exit the hive to help cool the hive

99
Q

Where does propolis come from?

A

Collected from an array of different plant sources

100
Q

What is propolis used for?

A

Used to seal crevices less then 1/4inch, encapsulate foreign debris, antiseptic properties

101
Q

How is nectar turned to honey

A

Bees collect nectar from flowers and remove moister and add enzymes so it will not ferment

102
Q

Workers cap honey when it’s reaches below ___% water

A

18.6

103
Q

Honey is mostly what!

A

Sugars (carbohydrates)

104
Q

Honey bees must visit about __million flowers to make 1lbs of honey

A

2

105
Q

Bees eat _______ to get protein and other nutrients

A

Pollen

106
Q

What food is most critical when bees are raising brood

A

Pollen

107
Q

Bees combine ______,______,____ to make bee bread

A

Nectar, pollen, water

108
Q

Is bee bread capped or uncapped

A

Uncapped

109
Q

How do foragers communicate where resources is located

A

Dance

110
Q

What’s an orientation flight?

A

Short spiraling flights to learn landmarks around the hive

111
Q

What is drawn comb used for?

A

Raising brood and storing food

112
Q

Brood is located in the ________ of the hive

A

Center

113
Q

Bee bread is located next to ________

A

The brood area

114
Q

______ is stores over top of slides of the brood area

A

Honey

115
Q

What job do younger workers do?

A

Nurse /house bee duties

116
Q

What jobs do middle age workers do?

A

Guard bee duties

117
Q

What job do older workers do?

A

Forage

118
Q

What age are workers able to produce wax?

A

5 days

119
Q

What is the ultimate goals of the bee colony

A

Collect resources and build the nest, To grow the colony, survive the winter and dearth’s, reproduce each year by swarming.

120
Q

What are dearth’s

A

Periods where there are low amounts of nectar

South Caroline Master Beekeeper Program Study Guide (3 decks)

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