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Life Science-Origin of Life on Earth > Homonids (5) > Flashcards

Homonids (5) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

When and How did dinosaurs become extinct?

A

65 mya They couldn’t control their body temperatures so when the climate cooled, they died

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2
Q

What is evolution?

A

Evolution is a gradual change in the features or characteristics of a species over time

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3
Q

How does evolution happen? (4)

A
  • Organisms that are adapted to environment survive and breed
  • Genes will be passed onto offspring
  • They compete with other individuals for space and food
  • Survival of the fittest: individuals that are best adapted to their environment survive
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4
Q

What happened after the next extinct (34 mya)?

A

Mammals started to evolve. Development of primates.

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5
Q

What are primates?

A

A primate is any member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains all the species commonly related to the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the latter category including humans.

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6
Q

What are the similarities between a human and a chimp? (3)

A
  • Flat nails
  • Stereoscopic and color vision
  • Short snouts
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7
Q

Hominin vs Hominid

A

Hominid – the group consisting of all modern and extinct Great Apes (that is, modern humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orang-utans plus all their immediate ancestors).

Hominin – the group consisting of modern humans, extinct human species and all our immediate ancestors (including members of the genera Homo, Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and Ardipithecus).

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8
Q

__% of all fossils in Africa
relating to the origin of
humankind

They confirm that ___
originated in Africa

A

35

Human

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9
Q

______ Africanus in
S.Africa (Mrs. Ples and Taung
child)

4-___ million years ago.

A

Australopithecus

2.6

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10
Q

When did Homo sapiens occur?

A

800 000 years ago

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11
Q

When did homo sapiens sapiens occur?

A

About 200 000 years ago Homo sapiens sapiens appeared.

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12
Q

Who found the homo sapien fossil?

A

Found in Sterkfontein by Lee Burger.

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13
Q

Physical features of Homo Sapiens. (5)

A
  • Longer legs of fossil
  • Small teeth
  • Skull similar shape to Homo than Australopithecus
  • Shape of foot and wrist – more modern and indicates bipedal lifestyle
  • Small brain
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14
Q

Why was bipedalism so important? (5)

A
  • Could see over the savannah and be on the lookout for predators and food
  • Make and use weapons, carry them long distances hunting
  • Bring food home
  • Carry and protect young children
  • Carry things and migrate further
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15
Q
A
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16
Q

Compare the pelvic girdles of chimpanzees, Australopithecus, and humans.

A

Human:

  • Pelvis more bowl-shaped
  • Supports leg and trunk in an upright position
  • greater stability for walking and running

Australopithecus:

  • Pelvis bowl-shaped: allowed for walking
    upright

Chimpanzees:

  • Tall, narrow pelvis
17
Q

Compare the feet of chimpanzees, Australopithecus, and humans.

A

Humans:

  • Big toe in line with others: walked upright
  • Human foot designed to support the whole weight of the body and for walking or running

Australopithecus:

  • Big toe more in line with others: started
  • to walk upright

Chimpanzees:

  • Grabbing big toe: for climbing trees
18
Q

Compare how chimpanzees, Australopithecus, and humans walked.

A

Humans:

  • Bipedal: walked upright

Australopithecus:

  • Bipedal: walked upright

Chimpanzees:

  • Walked on all 4s: quadruped
19
Q

Compare the facial structure of chimpanzees, Australopithecus, and humans.

A

Humans:

  • Flat face

Australopithecus:

  • Long snout: prognathous

Chimpanzees:

  • Long snout
20
Q

Compare the dental arc of chimpanzees, Australopithecus, and humans.

A

Humans:

  • Dental arc curved

Australopithecus:

  • Dental arc slightly curved

Chimpanzees:

  • Angular dental arc
21
Q

Compare the teeth of chimpanzees, Australopithecus, and humans

A

Humans:

  • Canines don’t protrude past other
    teeth

Australopithecus:

  • Canines less prominent

Chimpanzees:

  • Prominent canines
22
Q

Compare the teeth of chimpanzees, Australopithecus, and humans. (A diastema is a space or gap between two teeth)

A

Humans:

  • No diastema

Australopithecus:

  • No diastema

Chimpanzees:

  • Diastema
23
Q

Compare the cranium of chimpanzees, Australopithecus, and humans.

A

Humans:

  • Large cranium
  • Larger brain capacity
  • Foramen magnum more centrally positioned under the skull, spine connects with skull underneath, so head is held firmly upright

Australopithecus:

  • Bigger cranium

Chimpanzees:

  • Smaller cranium
  • Smaller brain capacity
  • Foramen magnum at rear of skull
24
Q

Compare the foramen magnum of chimpanzees, Australopithecus, and humans. (the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes)

A

Humans:

  • Foramen magnum more to the
    front

Australopithecus:

  • Foramen magnum to the front

Chimpanzees:

  • Foramen magnum at the back of
    skull
25
Q

What did a larger brain mean? (2)

A
  • More intelligence so language development
  • Formation of culture and tribalism
26
Q

What was Australopithecus?

A

Australopithecus, which means “southern ape”, was actually an upright-walking hominid with human-like teeth and hands. Its main ape-like features were a small brain, flattened nose region and forward-projecting jaws

Life Science-Origin of Life on Earth (9 decks)

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