Homologus series Flashcards
Natures Chemistry
State the definition of a homologous series
A homologous series is a family of organic compounds that share the same general formula, have similar chemical properties, and show a gradual change in physical properties (e.g., boiling point) as the series progresses.
State the elements found in a hydrocarbon
Hydrogen and carbon are the only elements found in a hydrocarbon.
State the test for saturation
To determine if a compound is unsaturated, you can use bromine water.
Test
Add bromine water to the compound.
Result
If the compound is unsaturated, the bromine water will quickly decolourise.
State the definition for an isomer
Isomers are compounds that have:
the same molecular formula (the same number and types of atoms)
different structural formulae (different arrangements of those atoms)
State the properties of an alkane
Alkane
Saturated hydrocarbons (only single bonds between carbon atoms)
Insoluble in water
Commonly used as fuels
State the properties of an alkene
Alkene
Unsaturated hydrocarbons (contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond)
Insoluble in water
Commonly used to make polymers and alcohols via addition reactions
State the properties of a cycloalkane
Cycloalkane
Saturated cyclic hydrocarbons (carbon atoms form a ring structure with single bonds)
Insoluble in water
Commonly used as fuels and solvents
State the general formula of an alkane, alkene and cycloalkane
Alkanes = CnH2n+2
Alkene = CnH2n
Cycloalkane = CnH2n
Describe an addition reaction
An addition reaction occurs when two or more molecules join together to form a larger molecule.
This type of reaction typically involves breaking a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) or triple bond, allowing new atoms to be added to the carbon atoms.
State and recognise the different types of addition reactions
Hydrogenation = alkene and hydrogen forming alkane
Hydration = alkene and water froming alcohol
Halogenatio = Alkene and halogen
