Homologous series Flashcards
What is a homologous series?
A homologous series is a family of organic compounds that share the same general formula, have similar chemical properties, and show a gradual change in physical properties (e.g., boiling point) as the series progresses.
What elements are in a hydrocarbon?
Hydrogen and carbon are the only elements found in a hydrocarbon.
What does an unsaturated compound contain?
At least one C=C Double Bond
How do you determine if a compound is unsaturated?
Add bromine water to the compound, if the compound is unsaturated - the bromine water will quickly decolourise.
What is an isomer?
The same molecular formula (same number and types of atoms) and different structural formulae (different arrangement of those atoms)
State the properties of an alkane?
Saturated, insoluble in water
State the properties of an alkene?
Unsaturated, insoluble in water
State the properties of a cycloalkane?
Saturated cyclic, insoluble in water
What is the general formula for Alkane?
CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
What is the general formula for Alkene?
CₙH₂ₙ
What is the general formula for Cycloalkane?
CₙH₂ₙ
What is an addition reaction?
An addition reaction occurs when two or more molecules join together to form a larger molecule. This often involves breaking a double bond.
What is a Hydrogenation addition reaction?
reaction between an alkene and H2 forming an alkane.
What is a hydration addition reaction?
reaction between an alkene and water forming an alcohol.
What is two uses for alcohols?
They are used as a fuel as they are highly flammable and they are used as solvents and help dissolve ingredients that might not mix well otherwise
Which alcohols are soluble in water?
Alcohols with up to 4 carbon atoms, meaning solubility gradually decreases
What is the melting and boiling points like in alcohols?
As the size of the alcohol molecule increases, the melting and boiling points increase, due to more intermolecular strength
What is the functional group of alcohols?
The functional group in alcohols is called the hydroxyl group and is represented by -OH.
Name 3 uses of carboxylic acid?
Preservatives, soaps and detergents, medicines.
Which carboxylic acids are soluble?
Small carboxylic acids (up to 4 carbon atoms) are miscible (soluble) in water. Larger carboxylic acids (with more than 4 carbon atoms) are generally insoluble in water due to the increasing size of the molecule.
What is the melting and boiling points like in carboxylic acids?
As the size of the carboxylic acid molecule increases, the melting and boiling points also increase.
What is the acidic nature of Carboxylic acids?
Solutions of carboxylic acids have a pH less than 7.
What is the functional group of carboxylic acid
The functional group in carboxylic acids is called the carboxyl group and is represented by -COOH.
