Atomic Structure and Bonding Flashcards
How are elements in the Periodic Table arranged?
By increasing atomic number (or increasing number of protons)
What do elements in the same group on the periodic table have similar to eachother.
Same valency number and same number of outer electrons, giving them similar chemical properties
On the periodic table (p4 Data Book), where are non metals?
To the right of the bold line
What is the charge and the mass (in amu) of a proton - and where in the atom is it located?
It has a positive charge, mass of 1 amu, and is found in the nucleas.
What is the charge and the mass (in amu) of an electron - and where in the atom is it located?
It has a negative charge, a mass of 0 amu, and they spin around the outside of the nucleas.
What is the charge and the mass (in amu) of a neutron - and where in the atom is it located?
It has a neutral charge, a mass of 1 amu and are found in the nucleas.
What does the atomic number have the same number as?
Number of protons
How to calculate the mass number
atomic number + no. of neutrons (no. of protons + no. of neutrons)
What is an isotope?
A form of an element that has the same amount of protons but different number of neutrons. Same atomic number but different mass number.
What is nuclide notation?
It’s a way for representing an atom or ion, showing its atomic number, mass number and charge. (if applicable)
Where is the element, mass number, atomic number, and charge (if applicable) on nuclide notation?
element = centre.
mass number = top left
atomic number = bottom left
charge of ion = if charged, top right
What is the Relative Atomic Mass (RAM)?
The RAM is the average mass of all naturally occurring atoms of an element? The RAM of each element is provided on page 7.
What is a covalent bond usually between?
Two non-metals
What is a covalent bond’s attraction between?
Positive nuclei for the shared pair of negatively charged electrons
Is it stable?
Yes it’s stable as opposite charges attract
What are the 7 diatomic elements?
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Oxygen, Iodine, Chlorine, Bromine.
What is a diatomic molecule?
A diatomic molecule only consists of two atoms, these atoms can be either of the same element (a diatomic element) or different elements (forming a compound)
Describe a Linear shape
H-F, CO2 (All diatomic molecules are this shape)
Describe an Angular shape
H2O (also referred to as bent)
Describe a Trigonal Pyramidal Shape
NH3 (Any molecule with a total of 4 atoms)
Describe a Tetrahedral shape
CH4, CCl4, CHCl3 (any molecule with a total of 5 atoms - a central one surrounded by 4)
Which elements form covalent networks?
Carbon (in form of Diamond and Graphite), Boron and Silicone. (e.g. Silicone Oxide)
What does insoluble mean?
Can’t dissolve.
Do covalent molecules have low or high melting and boiling points?
They have low melting and boiling points due to weak inter molecular forces of attraction, which break easily during these changes.
Can colavent molecules conduct electricity?
No, as they do not have charged particles that are free to move. (except carbon in form of graphite)
Are covalent molecules insoluble?
They are insoluble in water, but can dissolve in some other solvents.
What is a covalent network?
One giant structure made up of very strong covalent bonds
Do Covalent networks? have high or low melting and boiling points?
Yes, it’s very high as it contains only strong bonds which could require a lot of energy to break.
Can a covalent network conduct electricity?
No, except carbon in form of graphite.
Are they soluble?
They are insoluble due to their large size.
What do atoms do to gain a full outer shell of electrons (typically 8)
They lose or gain atoms.
What is an ionic compound formed between?
Metal and non-metal ions
What is an ionic compound?
It is the electrostatic attraction between positively charged metal ions and negatively charged non-metal ions.
HOW are ionic compounds formed?
When metal atoms transfer electrons to non-metal atoms, creating stable positive and negative ions attracted to eachother
How do ions arrange themselves in a compound?
In large ionic lattice structures , a repeating pattern of negative ions surrounded by positive ions, and vice versa.
