Homogenisation

Question 1

Homgenise solution

Answer 1

There are two ways scientists can do this: vibrating the cells and grinding cells in a blender.
This breaks open plasma membrane and releases organelles into the solution. The solution must be kept ice cold to prevent the enzymes from breaking down any organelles by slowing down the kinetic energy.

Question 2

Homgenise solution 2

Answer 2

The solution should be kept isotonic, meaning it is the same concentration as the cell. This avoids osmotic damage (bursting). Buffer solution is also added to maintain PH.

Question 3

Filtration

Answer 3

the homogenised cell tissue also named homogenate is filtered through gauze to remove large cells or tissue debris such as connective tissue

Question 4

Ultracentrifugation

Answer 4

Filtered solution (containing organelles) is poured into a tube and spun in a centrifuge at a low speed.
The heaviest organelles such as the nucleus are flung to the bottom and form thick sediment called a pellet.

Question 5

Ultracentrifugation 2

Answer 5

The other organelles remain suspended in this fluid called supernatant
The supernatant is drained into another tube and spun at a higher speed.
The heaviest organelles are left and flung to the bottom and form a pellet.