Digestion And Absorbsion Flashcards
What is digestion?
When large biological molecules are hydrolysed into smaller molecules that can be absorbed across cell membranes.
What is amylase
Amylase is produced by the pancreas and salivary glands.
It hydrolyses the glycocidic bonds of starch/ polysaccarides producing the disacharide maltose.
What is maltose
Maltose is a disacharide produced in the ileum.
Maltose is hydrolysed into alpha glucose
What are sucrase and lactase?
They are membrane bound enzymes that hydrolyse sucrose and lactose into monosaccharides.
What three enzymess can proteins be hydrolysed by
- endopeptidases
- exopeptidases
- dipeptidates
What do endopeptidases do?
Hydrolise the peptide bond between the central reigon of a protein molecule forming a series of external peptide molecules.
What do exopeptidases do?
Hydrolyse the peptide bonds on the terminal amino acids of the peptide molecules. These are formed by endopeptidases and singular amino acids
What do dipeptidases do?
Hydrolyses the bonds between two amino acids of a dipeptide.
Dipeptides are membrane bound being part of the cell surface membrane of the epithelial cells lining the ileum
What is the definition of lacteal
Lymphatic vessels found at the centre of the villi
What is the definition of lumen
A cavity or hollow part of a structure
What is the definition of micelles
Emulsified lipid droplets
What is the definition of chylomicrons
The product of triglycerides associating with cholestrol and lipoproteins
What is the definition of exocytosis
Moving out of the cell
What is the definition of ileum
Small intestine
What is the definition of colon
Large intestine
What is the definition of enzyme
A biological catalyst produced by a gland
What is the definition of hydrolysis
Break down of a compound by a chemical reaction with water
What is the definition of assimulate
Nutrients in food are taken into the cells of the body
What is the definition of monosaccharide
A class of sugars that cannot be hydrolysed to give a simpler sugar
What is the definition of polysacharides
Class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues
What is the definition of polymer
A carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together
What is the definition of monomer
A molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer
What is the definition of lipid
Molecular structure built up chiefly or completely form a large number of similar units bonded together (fats)
What is the definition of peptide
Compound made of two or more linked amino acids