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BIO2 > homework review Q's > Flashcards

homework review Q's Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following functions of plasma-cell secreted antibodies promotes phagocytosis of foreign bacteria?

A

Opsonization

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2
Q

Histamine is an important signaling molecule in the immune system that directly triggers __________.

A

blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable

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3
Q

Which of the following cell types carries out humoral immunity?

A

B cells

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4
Q

Besides helper T cells, what are two other types of cells that HIV infects?

A

Macrophages and brain cells

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5
Q

Our immune system does not usually attack our own healthy tissues because lymphocytes that target “self” tissue are __________.

A

destroyed or rendered nonfunctional

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6
Q

Antibodies belong to which class of proteins?

A

Receptor

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7
Q

In a series of immune system experiments, the thymus glands were removed from baby mice. Which of the following would you predict as a likely result?

A

The mice readily accepted tissue transplants.

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8
Q

Which of the following cells does not play a role in immunity through the phagocytosis of pathogens?

A

Natural killer cells

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9
Q

Which of the following classes of immunoglobins crosses the placenta and confers passive immunity to the fetus?

A

IgG

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10
Q

Which of the following organisms would produce antibodies as part of an immune response?

A

Whale. Whales, along with other vertebrates, are unique among animals in that they have both adaptive and innate immunity.

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11
Q

Herpes simplex viruses, such as those that cause cold sores, can evade the immune system and persist in the body by __________.

A

infecting cells and then entering a largely inactive state called latency.

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12
Q

The proliferation of the B lymphocyte to which a specific antigen binds is referred to as __________.

A

clonal selection

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13
Q

What are the mechanisms by which antibodies function in immunity?

A

Activation of complement system

Neutralization of viruses

Opsonization of bacteria

Recruitment of natural killer cells to destroy virus-infected body cells

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14
Q

Which diseases are caused by actions of the immune system?

A

Crohn’s disease

Rheumatoid arthritis

Ulcerative colitis

Lupus

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15
Q

When searching for a donor for an organ transplant, doctors try to match the __________ of the donor and recipient as closely as possible.

A

MHC proteins

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16
Q

Which statement describes what would most likely happen to microbes in the blood?

A

They are phagocytosed by macrophages in the spleen.

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17
Q

Vaccination led to the eradication of the disease ________.

A

smallpox

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18
Q

Which of the following cells are part of the innate, second line of defense?

A

Macrophages

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19
Q

Passive immunity differs from active immunity in that passive immunity ___________.

A

is conferred by antibodies produced by another individual

20
Q

Lysozyme plays a role in immunity through _________.

A

breaking down bacterial cell walls

21
Q

What is innate immunity?

A

a rapid response to potential infection and is active immediately upon exposure to a pathogen.

22
Q

Innate immunity is found in all animals. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

23
Q

Someone infected by chicken pox as a child is unlikely to suffer from this disease a second time. This is due to immunological memory, a reservoir of what type of cells that were generated following the initial exposure?

A

Both T cells and B cells

24
Q

Which cells function in triggering the inflammatory response of innate immunity?

A

Mast cells

25
Q

Which cells function in the inflammatory response of innate immunity?

A

Macrophages

26
Q

Who is credited with performing the first documented immunization?

A

Edward Jenner

27
Q

Which cells multiply and make antibodies that circulate in blood and lymph?

A

B lymphocytes

28
Q

The body uses the vitamin A precursors from some foods to make a substance called retinal, which __________.

A

is a visual pigment that absorbs light

29
Q

Each human taste bud contains __________.

A

sensory receptors for each of the five taste types

30
Q

What is the sequence that traces the path of light into your eyes?

A

Cornea→ pupil→ lens→ retina

31
Q

Which part of the eye contains the photoreceptors?

A

Retina

32
Q

Which part of the eye is the opening that allows light to pass through the lens to the retina?

A

Pupil

33
Q

Which part of the eye is the center of the visual field where there are no rods but a very high density of cones?

A

Fovea

34
Q

Which part of the eye acts like a camera’s adjustable aperture and contracts or expands the diameter of the pupil in response to the amount of light?

A

Iris

35
Q

Faceted compound eyes of insects are called _________, with some being able to detect ________ waves of the electromagnetic spectrum, which humans cannot detect.

A

ommatidia; ultraviolet

36
Q

A cluster of hair cells in both the human inner ear and a fish’s lateral line is found in a structure called the _________.

A

cupula

37
Q

Sensory transduction in the human eye triggered by light causes ___________, the hydrolysis of ___________, and the ___________ of Na+ channels.

A

hyperpolarization; cGMP –> GMP; closing

38
Q

A person born without otoliths in the ears would be __________.

A

unable to determine the position of the head with respect to gravity

39
Q

The round window is found __________.

A

in the cochlea

40
Q

The type of sensory receptor that detects pain is called a(n) ___________.

A

nociceptor

41
Q

Sitting too close to the amplifiers at a concert may __________.

A

damage the hair cells in the ears

42
Q

Invertebrates detect gravity and maintain equilibrium via organs called ________.

A

statocysts

43
Q

What does a device that converts one form of energy to another do?

A

Transduce

44
Q

A sensory receptor is best described as a(n) ___________.

A

afferent neuron

45
Q

The type of receptor(s) that is/are found on the star-nosed mole (Condylura cristata) is/are __________ receptor(s).

A

a sensory

46
Q

Vertebrate skeletal muscle contraction is regulated by ________ ions, which interact with ________ in muscle contraction.

A

Ca2+; the troponin complex

BIO2 (2 decks)

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