Homework Questions Flashcards
Which domain(s) of life include(s) multicellular organisms, out of Eukarya, Prokarya, and Archaea?
Eukarya
What does the central dogma of biology describe?
The fact that hereditary information flows from DNA through RNA to proteins, which form the functional products of genes
The genetic code consists of a total of how many different codons? Out of it, how many code for protons? How many control translation?
64; 61; 3
What is transcription? What is translation?
Template DNA –> RNA; mRNA –>Proteins
What is complementary base pairing? What is strand polarity? What does antiparallel binding look like?
A-T and C-G bond together; Within the DNA, there is a phosphate group at the 5’-end and a hydroxyl group at the 3’-end; Antiparallel binding one strand is oriented at 3’-5’ direction, and another is oriented at 5’-3’ direction.
What is mutation? What is natural selection?
Mutation is the slow addition of allele variation that increases the heredity diversity of population; Natural selection is the result of the different reproductive rate according to the adaptability of different alleles
What is the modern synthesis of evolution?
Evolutionary theory supported by genetics and molecular biology experimental data.
In 1944, Avery, Macleod, and McCarty provided direct evidence that DNA was the hereditary molecule. They treated heat-killed extracts from lethal SIII bacteria with various enzymes and found that transformation was prevented only upon treatment with _______.
DNAse
The Hershey and Chase experiments involved the preparation of two different types of radioactively labeled phage. Why?
It was necessary that each of the two phage components, DNA and protein, be identifiable upon recovery at the end of the experiment.
Which of the following statements best represents the central conclusion of the Hershey-Chase experiments
DNA is the identity of the hereditary material in phage T2.
Which of the following outcomes would be most likely if the Hershey-Chase experiments were repeated without the step involving the blender?
Both preparations of infected bacteria would exhibit radioactivity.
Guanine and adenine are purines found in DNA. T/F?
T; as PURE(ine) As Gold
Which of the following statements about DNA structure is true? -Hydrogen bonds formed between the sugar‑phosphate backbones of the two DNA chains help to stabilize DNA structure. -The nucleic acid strands in a DNA molecule are oriented antiparallel to each other, meaning they run in opposite directions. -The pentose sugar in DNA is ribose. -Nucleic acids are formed through phosphodiester bonds that link nucleosides together.
The nucleic acid strands in a DNA molecule are oriented antiparallel to each other, meaning they run in opposite directions.
What is the complementary DNA sequence to 5′ ATGCTTGACTG 3′?
5′ CAGTCAAGCAT 3′
DNA replication in E. coli proceeds in (one/both) direction from (multiple/one) origin of replicaiton
Both; one
Label and explain function; what connects Okazaki Fragments together?
A. Topoisomerase relaxes supercoiled DNA
B. Helicase breaks H-bond and unwind DNA
C. SBS coats ssDNA to prevent dsDNA from forming
D. Primase snythesizes RNA primers
E. RNA Primers signal begin of replication for DPol3
F. DNA Polymerase III synthesizes DNA
G. Okazaki Fragment are for lagging strands to synthesize 5’->3’
H. DNA Polymerase I replaces RNA primer with DNA
DNA Ligase joins DNA fragments
