Homework Questions 3&4 Flashcards
Considering the historical context of early U.S. environmental policy, which statement best reflects the transformation of environmental policy over time?
Environmental policy initially facilitated westward expansion and resource extraction before gradually incorporating conservation measures.
Published in the 1960s, Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring ________.
focused on chemical pollutants, including industrial chemicals
A law prohibiting the destruction of habitat for an endangered species would be an example of
a command-and-control policy.
A cap-and-trade system for SO2 would be an example of
an economic policy tool.
Is it possible to manage nonrenewable resources sustainably?
yes
How is it possible that the population of each country increased, although the TFR has decreased?
if there are numerous women of childbearing age and a relatively small number of older individuals within a given society, the death rate will be low, so even though the TFR is below the replacement rate, the population may remain stable or even increase slightly.
What percentage of grain produced in the United States is used for human consumption?
27% or Less than 2%
Which component constitutes the highest proportion of soil content according to the described composition?
Mineral Matter
Which soil horizon is most crucial for agriculture due to its high nutritive value for plants?
A horizon
What is the term used to describe an organism that integrates DNA from another species?
Transgenic organism
The greatest species diversity is found in which of the following groups?
Insects
What percentage of processed foods contain at least one GMO ingredient?
70%
Removal of which of the following species will result in the greatest changes in an ecological system?
A keystone species
Contrary to popular belief, the Endangered Species Act allows ________.
landowners to harm a protected species in one area if they improve habitat for it elsewhere
The greatest cause of the worldwide loss of species is ________.
habitat destruction
What does the ‘take’ mean under Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act?
Harassing or harming the species
Hunting, shooting, or wounding
Capturing or collecting the species
All of the Above
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) ________.
required environmental impact statements for any projects funded by the U.S. government
International environmental policies arise from ________.
international conventions or treaties
Leaders striving for sustainable development aim to satisfy a triple bottom line, which involves
what three goals?
economic advancement, environmental protection, and social equity
Cap and trade is a system that ________.
permits industries that pollute under the federal cap to sell credits to industries that pollute
Enforcement and elaboration of U.S. legislation is given to ________.
administrative agencies
An environmental impact statement is required ________.
for any federal action that may affect U.S. environmental quality
According to the figure, Nigeria has a ________ population size than Canada, with a ________
median age and a ________ proportion of the population at postreproductive age.
larger; lower; smaller
Which of the following best describes the human population from early times to the present?
slow, uneven growth until the 1800s, then increasingly rapid growth
In 2016, the population of the United States was approximately 325 million people, with an annual
growth rate of approximately 0.7%. If the population of the United States were to continue to grow
at this rate, it would double around the year ________.
2116
Malthus was responsible for ________.
the idea that without social restrictions, increasing human population would lead to famine
and war
The United Nations predicts that the world population will be almost ________ billion in 2050
10
Zero population growth occurs in a population when ________.
birth rate equals death rate and there is no migration
Which layer of a soil profile contains topsoil?
A Horizon
The greatest diversity is found in which of the following groups of organisms?
invertebrates
Irrigation can result in the salinization of soils because ________.
salts in the water are deposited on the soil surface as water evaporates
In the demographic transition model, the highest population growth rate in a country
is likely to occur during ________.
Precautionary principle
Removal of which of the following species will result in the greatest changes in an ecological system?
a keystone species
The O horizon is ________.
primarily composed of organic materials
________ composes/compose just over half of all of the world’s GM crops.
Soybeans
________ is the loss of more than 10% of soil productivity in arid areas due to such factors as erosion, soil compaction, overgrazing, and forest removal.
Desertification
It is more energetically efficient for us to eat more ________.
Plant-based foods
